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Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Helicobacter spp., Flashcards

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1
Q

In terms of the morphology, the common denominator between Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and Helicobacter spp. is that they are all ___________.

A

Gram negative (-) CURVED bacilli

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2
Q

Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Plesiomonas spp., Campylobacter spp. are all members of the __________.

A

Non-Enteric Gastrointestinal Pathogens

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3
Q

Non-Enteric Gastrointestinal Pathogens are ________.

A

not part of the human normal flora

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4
Q

Enteric Gastrointestinal Pathogens

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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5
Q

Enteric Gastrointestinal Pathogens are _______.

A

part of the human normal flora

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6
Q

Vibrio spp. came from the Family ________.

A

Vibrionaceae

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Vibrio spp. are asporogenous.

A

True

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8
Q

Measurement in diameter of Vibrio spp.

A

0.5 - 0.8 um by 1.4 - 2.6 um

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9
Q

Aerotolerance of Vibrio spp.

A

Facultative Anaerobes

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10
Q

Specific morphology of Vibrio spp.

A

curved or comma-shaped rods

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11
Q

Are Vibrio spp. motile?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Describe the flagella of Vibrio spp.

A

Monotrichous or Peritrichous

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13
Q

Vibrio spp.

Oxidase test

A

Positive (+)

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14
Q

Vibrio spp.

Catalase Test

A

Positive (+)

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15
Q

Other gram negative (-) curved bacilli motile organisms

A
  • Aeromonas spp.
  • Plesiomonas spp.
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16
Q

Vibrio spp.

Reduction of Nitrate to Nitrite

A

Positive (+)

EXCEPT: V. metschnikovii

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17
Q

Which Vibrio sp. cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite?

A

Vibrio metschnikovii

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18
Q

Vibrio spp. are found in ________.

A

marine and surface waters

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19
Q

Vibrio spp.

Optimum Growth Temperature

A

14 - 40 C

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20
Q

Are Vibrio spp. halophilic?

A

Yes

EXCEPT: V. cholerae and V. mimicus

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21
Q

Vibrio spp. are susceptible to ________.

A

Vibriostatic Compound O/129 (2,4-diamino-6, 7-diisopropylpteridine)

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22
Q

Vibrio spp. are ________ to vibriostatic compound O/129.

A

susceptible

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23
Q

Vibrio spp.

String Test Result

A

Positive (+)

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24
Q

It is the most common Vibrio sp.

A

Vibrio cholerae

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25
*Vibrio cholerae* is the causative agent of _______.
Cholera
26
Cholera is characterized by ________.
*rice water stool*
27
Cholera can cause diarrheal fluid loss which measures _______.
>1 L/hour
28
*Vibrio cholerae* measures _________.
2 - 4 um long
29
Describe the flagellum of *Vibrio cholerae*
Polar Flagella
30
If *V. cholerae* is cultured in broth mediums, the flagella is _____.
polar sheathed
31
If *V. cholerae* is cultured in solid mediums, the flagella is _____.
unsheathed (peritrichous)
32
# ***Vibrio cholerae*** Virulence Factor/s
Cholera toxin (choleragen)
33
A powerful and heat-labile enterotoxin.
Choleragen
34
Choleragen is a powerful and ______ enterotoxin.
heat-labile
35
How is choleragen virulent?
Once it is ingested, the bacteria will colonize the small intestine and produce choleragen.
36
Which *Vibrio* spp. are not halophilic?
- *V. cholerae* - *V. mimicus*
37
The presence or differences of this antigen is the basis of classification for *Vibrio cholerae*.
O lipopolysaccharide (O antigen)
38
It causes the epidemic and pandemic cholera.
O1 and O139
39
# ***Vibrio cholerae*** Three kinds of O antigen
1. *V. cholerae* **O1** 2. *V. cholerae* **O139** 3. *V. cholerae* **non-O1**
40
*V. cholerae* O1 is further subclassified into _______.
1. Ogawa 2. Inaba 3. Hikojima
41
# ***V. cholerae* O1** Ogawa O-antigen
A, B
42
# ***V. cholerae* O1** Inaba O-antigen
A, C
43
# ***V. cholerae* O1** Hikojima O-antigen
A, B, C
44
It resembles *V. cholerae* but fail to agglutinate in O1 antisera.
*V. cholerae* non-O1
45
All types of antigen share a common _______ and ________.
Flagellar (H) Antigen and Somatic (O) Antigen
46
Two biotypes of epidemic *V. cholerae*
1. Classic 2. El Tor
47
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It is able to produce a hemolysin.
El Tor
48
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It is unable to produce a hemolysin.
Classic
49
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It is (+) for Voges-Proskauer Test.
El Tor
50
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It is (-) for Voges-Proskauer Test
Classic
51
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It is resistant to polymixin B.
El Tor
52
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It is susceptible to polymixin B.
Classic
53
# **Two Biotypes of Epidemic *V.cholerae*** It uses chicken RBC
Classic
54
Enumerate the virulence factors of *Vibrio cholerae*
1. Cholera toxin (choleragen) 2. Zonula occludens toxin (ZOT) 3. Accessory cholera enterotoxin (ACE) 4. O1 and O139 somatic antigen 5. Hemolysin/cytotoxin 6. Motility 7. Chemotaxis 8. Mucinase 9. Toxin coregulated pili (TCP)
55
# **Virulence Factors** It disrupts the tight junctions in the intestinal cells, decreasing the tissue resistance.
Zonula Occludens Toxin (ZOT)
56
# **Virulence Factors** It allows the bacteria to be distributed in the body.
Motility
57
# **Virulence Factors** It allows for the penetration to mucus layers.
Mucinase
58
# **Virulence Factors** It attaches the bacteria to the mucosal cell.
Toxin Coregulated Pili (TCP)
59
It is the primary cause of summer diarrhea in Japan.
*Vibrio parahaemolyticus*
60
*V. parahaemolyticus* is the primary cause of _______ in Japan.
summer diarrhea
61
*V. parahaemolyticus* is a halophilic bacterium that requires _______.
1 - 8% NaCl
62
It causes acute gastroenteritis after ingestion of contaminated seafood.
*Vibrio parahaemolyticus*
63
*V. parahaemolyticus* causes ________ after ingestion of contaminated seafood.
Acute gastroenteritis
64
Acute gastroenteritis can be acquired from ______.
Eating contaminated seafood
65
# ***Vibrio parahaemolyticus*** Incubation Period
12 - 24 hours
66
A serotype of *V. parahaemolyticus* which is a pandemic type, and implicated in food-borne outbreaks in the world.
O3:K6
67
# ***Vibrio parahaemolyticus*** Aerotolerance
Facultative Anaerobes
68
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *V. parahaemolyticus* grows well on blood agar.
True
69
**TRUE OR FALSE.** *V. parahaemolyticus* does not grow well on TCBS agar.
False
70
# ***Vibrio parahaemolyticus*** TCBS Result
Green Colonies | They do not ferment sucrose.
71
pH indicator for TCBS agar
Bromthymol blue
72
(+) result for TCBS agar
**Acid (+):** Yellow colonies | Sucrose Fermenters
73
# ***Vibrio parahaemolyticus*** Clinical Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Disease (self-limited)
74
A special, high salt mannitol medium.
Wagatsuma Agar
75
A characteristic possessed by *V. parahaemolyticus* which enables it to lyse RBCs in a special, high salt mannitol medium.
Kanagawa Phenomenon
76
Explain the Kanagawa Phenomenon
***V. parahaemolyticus*** is a heat-stable hemolysin that is able to lyse RBCs in a special, high salt, mannitol medium called **Wagatsuma Agar**.
77
# ***Vibrio parahaemolyticus*** The signs and symptoms for gastrointestinal disease usually appears after ______.
24-48 hours of ingestion of contaminated seafood
78
It is the second most common cause of septicemia.
*Vibrio vulnificus*
79
Infections caused by *V. vulnificus*
1. Primary Septicemia 2. Wound infections
80
# ***Vibrio vulnificus*** Treatment of Choice
* Fluoroquinolones * Third generation cephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone) * Doxycycline
81
*Vibrio vulnificus* is a _____ fermenter.
Lactose
82
Can *V. cholerae* ferment sucrose?
Yes
83
Which *Vibrio* spp. is the **least pathogenic** for humans?
*Vibrio alginolyticus*
84
A strict halophile, requiring at least 1% NaCl.
*Vibrio alginolyticus*
85
*V. alginolyticus* NaCl requirement
at least 1%
86
*V. alginolyticus* can tolerate up to ______ NaCl.
10%
87
*V. alginolyticus* is associated with _________ infections.
wound, ear, and eye infections
88
______ is an occupational hazard with people in constant contact with seawater.
*Vibrio alginolyticus*
89
Specimens for *Vibrio* spp.
- Stool - Wounds
90
# ***Vibrio* spp.** _____ specimens should be inoculated 2-4 hours within of collection onto appropriate agar media.
Stool
91
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Stool specimens should be inoculated within ________ of collection onto appropriate agar media.
2 - 4 hours
92
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Wounds are collected via _______ or _______.
Aspirates or Swab
93
# ***Vibrio* spp.** ________ are collected via aspirates or swab.
Wounds
94
# ***Vibrio* spp.** For delayed processing of specimen...
The specimen is mixed in **Cary-Blair** transport medium and is refrigerated.
95
Which transport medium is used for delayed processing?
Cary-Blair
96
_______ is not recommended as a transport or holding medium for *Vibrio* spp.
Buffered Glycerol Saline
97
Why is buffered glycerol saline not recommended for *Vibrio* spp.?
Glycerol is toxic for *Vibrio* spp.
98
What is the gram stain reaction and morphology of the bacteria commonly seen in stool specimens?
Gram (-) bacilli
99
Which medium is used if there is a suspected presence of *Vibrio* spp.?
Alkaline Peptone Water (APW)
100
Why is APW used for *Vibrio* spp.?
It has some characteristics that favor the growth of *Vibrio* spp. | **High pH and and NaCl content**
101
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Time of Collection
As Soon As Possible (ASAP)
102
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Direct Microscopic Examination
* Gram (-) bacilli * ***"shooting star"*** motility
103
Describe the motility of *Vibrio* spp.
***"shooting star"***
104
Which organism exhibits a ***"shooting star"*** motility?
*Vibrio* spp.
105
Which type of microscope is used to view the motility of *Vibrio* spp.?
Darkfield or Phase-contrast Microscope
106
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Culture Media
* **Nutrient Agar or SBA** (0.5% NaCl) * **MacConkey Agar** (*V. vulnificus*) * **Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt Sucrose Agar** (TCBS) * **Alkaline Peptone Broth or Water** (1% NaCl and pH 8.5) * **Taurocholate Peptone Broth** (pH 8.0 - 9.0) * **CHROMagar Vibrio**
107
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Nutrient Agar and SBA content
0.5% NaCl
108
# **Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt Sucrose Agar** Differential Component
Sucrose
109
# **Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt Sucrose Agar** (-) Result
Green
110
# **Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt Sucrose Agar** Selective Component
Sodium Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt (oxgal), high pH
111
# **MacConkey Agar** (+) Result
Pink Colonies
112
# **MacConkey Agar** (-) Result
Colorless
113
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Alkaline Peptone Broth or Water content
1% NaCl + pH 8.5
114
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Taurocholate Peptone Broth content
pH 8.0 - 9.0
115
CHROMagar Vibrio is suited for _______.
* *V. cholerae* * *V. parahaemolyticus* * *V. vulnificus*
116
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Sucrose Fermenters (yellow colonies in TCBS)
* *V. **cholerae*** * *V. **alginolyticus*** * *V. **fluvialis*** * *V. **furnassii*** * *V. **cincinnatiensis*** * *V. **metschnikovii*** * some *V. **vulnificus***
117
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Non-Sucrose Fermenters (green colonies in TCBS)
* *V. **mimicus*** * *V. **parahaemolyticus*** * *P. **damselae*** * most *V. **vulnificus***
118
Which *Vibrio* sp. does not grow on TCBS?
*Grimontia (Vibrio) hollisae*
119
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Colonial Appearance
Medium to large, smooth, opaque, iridescent with a greenish hue
120
# **Which organism?** Medium to large, smooth, opaque, iridescent with a greenish hue colonies
*Vibrio* spp.
121
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Beta-hemolytic NLF
* *V. cholerae* * *V. fluvialis* * *V. mimicus*
122
# ***Vibrio* spp.** Identification
* Oxidase Test * Nutrient Broth w/ 6% salt * String Test * Vibrio static test O/129
123
**ALL *Vibrio* spp**. are **oxidase** (+) **EXCEPT** _______.
*V. metschnikovii*
124
**ALL *Vibrio* spp**. are **indole** (+) **EXCEPT** _______.
*P. damselae*
125
**ALL *Vibrio* spp.** are not capable of producing gas from glucose **EXCEPT** _______.
*V. furnissii*
126
**ALL *Vibrio* spp.** are **lysine decarboxylase** (+) **EXCEPT** _________.
* *G. hollisae* * *V. fluvialis* * *V. furnissii* * *V. vulnificus*
127
**ALL *Vibrio* spp.** are **arginine dihydrolase** (-) **EXCEPT** _________.
- *P. damselae* - *V. fluvialis* - *V. furnissii*
128
**ALL *Vibrio* spp.** are **ornithine decarboxylase** (-) **EXCEPT** _________.
- *V. cholerae* - *V. mimicus* - *V. parahaemolyticus* - *V. vulnificus*
129
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Oxidase
Positive (+)
130
*Aeromonas* spp. are _______ fermenters.
Glucose
131
*Aeromonas* spp. resemble morphologically the family _________.
Enterobacteriaceae
132
How are *Aeromonas* spp. different from Enterobacteriaceae?
1. Oxidase (+) 2. Non-enteric gastrointestinal bacteria | Enterobacteriaceae is the opposite
133
A member of the Family Enterobacteriaceae, but is oxidase positive (+)
*Plesiomonas* spp.
134
*Aeromonas* spp. grow well on _______.
Blood Agar
135
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Hemolytic Pattern
β-hemolytic
136
It causes gastroenteritis, which ranges from watery diarrhea to dysentery-like illness.
*Aeromonas caviae*
137
Dysentery means ______.
Presence of blood, mucus, and pus
138
It causes wound infections, and traumatic soft injuries (commonly described in patients with hematologic malignancies and/or liver disease).
*Aeromonas hydrophila*
139
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Treatment of Choice
- Third generation cephalosporins - Aztreonam - Carbapenems - Aminoglycosides
140
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Intestinal Infections
- Acute secretory diarrhea - Acute dysenteric form of diarrhea - Chronic diarrhea - Cholera-like disease - Nebulous syndrome (traveller's diarrhea)
141
Dysenteric illnesses are usually caused by _______.
*Shigella* spp.
142
Chronic diarrhea caused by *Aeromonas* spp. usually lasts for _______.
more than 10 days
143
Nebulous Syndrome is also known as _______.
Traveller's Diarrhea
144
It is associated with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) or kidney diseases that might require kidney transplantation.
*Aeromonas veronii* biovars. *sobria* and *veronii*
145
It is linked to cholera-like diseases characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and nausea.
*Aeromonas veronii* biovar. *sobria*
146
Which *Aeromonas* spp. often exhibit a β-hemolytic pattern?
* *A. hydrophila* * *A. veronii* biovar. *sobria* * *A. jandaei*
147
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Culture
- SBA (β-hemolytic) - MAC - Modified Cefsulodin Irgasan-Novobiocin II Plate (CIN) - CIN Medium
148
Can *Aeromonas* spp. ferment lactose?
Yes
149
Modified Cefsulodin Irgasan-Novobiocin II Plate (CIN) contents
- 4 ug cefsulodin - Ampicillin
150
CIN Medium contents
15 ug cefsulodin
151
Appearance of *Aeromonas* spp. in CIN medium
Pink centered colonies (mannitol fermentation) with an uneven, clear apron resembling *Yersinia enterocolitica*
152
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Spot Indole Test Result
Positive (+)
153
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** String Test Result
Negative (-)
154
# ***Aeromonas* spp.** Presumptive Identification
- Oxidase Test (+) - Spot Indole Test (+) - 0.5% NaCl - String Test (-)
155
Similarities of *Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.
1. Gram (-) Curved Bacilli 2. Oxidase (+) 3. Motile (+) 4. Non-Enteric Bacilli (gastroenteritis)
156
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** O129 Susceptibility Test
**Susceptible:** *Vibrio* spp., **Resistant:** *Plesiomonas* spp.*Aeromonas* spp.,
157
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** Inositol Fermentation | To differentiate *Vibrio* spp. from *Plesiomonas* spp.
**(+):** *Plesiomonas* spp. **(-):** *Vibrio* spp.
158
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** Indole | To differentiate *Aeromonas* spp.
**(+):** *Aeromonas* spp. **(-):** *Vibrio* spp., *Plesiomonas* spp.
159
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** Mannitol Fermentation
**(+):** *Vibrio* spp. **(-):** *Aeromonas* spp., *Plesiomonas* spp.
160
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** Glucose Fermentation
**(+):** *Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp. **(-):** -
161
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** 6.5% NaCl
**(+):** *Vibrio* spp. **(-):** *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.
162
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** TCBS
**(+):** *Vibrio* spp. **(-):** *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.
163
# ***Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp., and *Plesiomonas* spp.** Gelatin Liquefaction
**(+):** *Vibrio* spp., *Aeromonas* spp. **(-):** *Plesiomonas* spp.
164
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** Aerotolerance
Microaerophilic | Requires reduced amount of oxygen
165
Specific shape of *Campylobacter* spp.
* Curved, comma-shaped, or S-shaped * ***seagull wing*** shape
166
An organism characterized by a ***seagull wing*** shape.
*Campylobacter* spp.
167
A zoonotic organism known to cause abortion in domestic animals.
*Campylobacter* spp.
168
*Campylobacter* spp. is known to be associated with what syndrome?
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
169
Patients suffering from GBS often test positive for _______.
Campylobacter antibodies
170
The most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis.
*Campylobacter jejuni*
171
________ colonizes the stomach and cause inflammatory process until it develops gastritis which leads to ulcer.
*Helicobacter pylori*
172
It causes cramps and bloody diarrhea.
*Campylobacter jejuni*
173
A very common cause of diarrhea in humans.
*Campylobacter jejuni*
174
It has been isolated most frequently from blood cultures.
*Campylobacter fetus* subsp. *fetus*
175
A *Campylobacter* sp. that is rarely associated with gastrointestinal illness.
*Campylobacter fetus* subsp. *fetus*
176
# ***Helicobacter* spp.** Aerotolerance
Microaerophiles
177
_______ are not commonly isolated from culture media.
*Helicobacter* spp.
178
It is strongly associated with gastric, peptic, and duodenal ulcers as well as gastrointestinal carcinoma.
*Helicobacter pylori*
179
*H. pylori* is the major cause of ________.
Type B Gastritis
180
Type B Gastritis is caused by ________.
*Helicobacter pylori*
181
______ is associated with human gastroenteritis, generally in ICP.
*Helicobacter cinaedi* and *Helicobacter fennelliae*
182
*Helicobacter* spp. also associated with gastroenteritis
- *H. canadensis* - *H. canis* - *H. pullorum* - *H. winghamensis*
183
An organism that is classified as a carcinogen.
*Helicobacter pylori*
184
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** Specimen Collection
- Stool samples (gastroenteritis) - Rectal swabs (less preferred) | Both are transported using **Cary-Blair medium**
185
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** In collecting specimens, _______ are less preffered.
Rectal swabs
186
# ***Helicobacter pylori*** Specimen Collection
Gastric biopsy in Cysteine-Brucella Broth | **Transported via:** Stuart's Medium
187
Cysteine-Brucella Broth contents
- 20% glycerol (frozen at -70 C) - 10% sheep RBCs - Vancomycin - Trimethoprim - Polymixin B - Amphotericin B - Cefalotin
188
# ***Campylobacter* spp. and *Helicobacter* spp.** Culture
- Campylobacter Blood Agar/ Campy Blood Agar - Butzler's Medium - Skirrow's Medium - Campy-CVA (Cefoperazone, Vancomycin, Amphotericin B) - Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (CCDA) - Charcoal-based Selective Medium (CSM)
189
It provides better suppression to fecal normal flora.
Campy-CVA Medium
190
Campy-CVA medium is incubated at ________ for the recovery of *Campylobacter* spp.
37 C
191
Campy-CVA is a subculture for ______.
* *Campylobacter fetus* subsp. *fetus* * *Campylobacter fetus* subsp. *rectus* * *Campylobacter fetus* subsp. *curvus*
192
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** Incubation Period
* **42 C**- majority * **37 C** - *Campylobacter fetus* subsp. *fetus*
193
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** Atmospheric Requirements
* 5% O2 * 10% CO2 * 85% N2
194
# ***Helicobacter* spp.** Atmospheric Requirements
* 5% - 10% O2 * 5% - 12% CO2
195
# ***Campylobacter* spp. and *Helicobacter* spp.** Colonial Morphology
Moist, runny-looking and spreading, non-hemolytic, round and raised, and others may be flat.
196
# ***Campylobater fetus* subsp.** ***fetus*** Colonial Morphology
Smooth, convex, transluscent
197
_________ can produce a dirty yellow pigment.
*Campylobacter mucosalis* and *Campylobacter hyointestinalis*
198
# ***Campylobacter* spp. and *Helicobacter* spp.** Microscopic Morphology
Curved, asporogenous, gram (-) bacilli/rods
199
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** Microscopic Morphology
* Long spirals or S- or seagull-wing shape * ***"darting"*** motility via phase-contrast microscope using hanging operation
200
# ***Campylobacter* spp.** Oxidase Test Result
Positive (+)
201
# ***Helicobacter* spp.** Oxidase Test Result
Positive (+)
202
# ***Campylobacter jejuni*** Hippurate Hydrolysis Test
Positive (+)
203
*Campylobacter jejuni* is positive (+) in ____________.
Hippurate Hydrolysis Test
204
______ is capable of rapid Urease production.
*Helicobacter pylori*
205
Which culture medium is used for rapid urease production?
Christensen's Urea Medium | Incubated at 37 C for 2 hours
206
# ***Helicobacter pylori*** Definitive Identification
* Rapid Urease Production * Urea Breath Test
207
Explain the process of Urea Breath Test
208
Selective media for the cultivation of *Campylobacter* spp.
1. Campy Blood Agar Plate 2. Skirrow's Medium 3. Butzler's Medium 4. CCDA
209
# **Campy Blood Agar** Base
* Brucella Agar * 10% sheep RBCs
210
# **Campy Blood Agar** Antimicrobial Agents
**MNEMONIC:** VTPAC * **V**ancomycin * **T**rimethoprim * **P**olymixin B * **A**mphotericin B * **C**efalotin
211
# **Skirrow's Medium** Base
* Oxoid Agar Base * Lysed, defibrinated horse RBCs
212
# **Skirrow's Medium** Antimicrobial Agents
**MNEMONIC:** VTP * **V**ancomycin * **T**rimethoprim * **P**olymixin B
213
# **Butzler's Medium** Base
* Thioglycolate fluid with agar added * 10% sheep RBCs
214
# **Butzler's Medium** Antimicrobial Agents
**MNEMONIC:** BNACC * **B**acitracin * **N**ovobiocin * **A**ctidione * **C**olistin * **C**efazolin
215
# **Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (CCDA)** Base
* Nutrient Agar * Sodium Deoxycholate * Charcoal
216
# **Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (CCDA)** Antimicrobial Agents
* Cefoperazone * Amphotericin B

Bacteriology (17 decks)

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