Haemophilus spp. and Other Fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards
(332 cards)
1
Q
Which family do Haemophilus spp, Actinobacillus spp., Pasteurella spp., and Aggregatibacter belong?
A
Pasteurellaceae
2
Q
The Pasteurellaceae family includes the following genera ______.
A
MNEMONIC: HAPA
* Haemophilus spp.
* Actinobacillus spp.
* Pasteurella spp.
* Aggregatibacter spp.
3
Q
Gram stain reaction of Pasteurellaceae
A
Gram Negative (-)
4
Q
Morphology of Pasteurellaceae
A
- Pleomorphic
- Coccoid to rod-shaped (generally bacilli)
5
Q
Is Pasteurellaceae motile?
A
No
6
Q
Aerotolerance of Pasteurellaceae
A
Facultative Anaerobes
7
Q
Catalase reaction of Pasteurellaceae
A
Positive (+)
8
Q
Nitrate to Nitrite reduction result of Pasteurellaceae
A
Positive (+)
9
Q
Oxidase reaction of Pasteurellaceae
A
Negative (-)
10
Q
Haemophilus is derived from the Greek word meaning ________.
A
“blood-lover”
11
Q
What is the fastidious requirement of Haemophilus spp.?
A
Blood
12
Q
Blood contains which factors?
A
X and V
13
Q
What is the X factor in Haemophilus spp.?
A
Hemin or Hematin
14
Q
The X factor can be found in ______.
A
Hemoglobin of RBCs
15
Q
The “X” in X factor stands for _______.
A
Unknown
16
Q
What is the V factor in Haemophilus spp.?
A
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
17
Q
The “V” in V factor stands for _______.
A
Vitamin
18
Q
It is a phenemenon which helps in the recognition of Haemophilus spp. requiring V factor.
A
Satellitism
19
Q
What is the source of V factor in Satellitism?
A
Organisms
They could be from S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, or Neisseria spp.
20
Q
What is the source of X factor in Satellitism?
A
BAP
21
Q
Culture media for Haemophilus spp.
A
BAP and CAP
22
Q
Which culture media is V factor dependent?
A
BAP
23
Q
Which Culture Media?
RBC are still intact and contains NADase.
A
BAP
24
Q
It hydrolyzes the V factor
A
NADase
25
# **Which Culture Media?**
The blood is added when heat is tolerable
BAP
26
# **Which Culture Media?**
Releases both X and V factors
CAP
27
# **Which Culture Media?**
Inactivation of NADase
CAP
28
# **Which Culture Media?**
The blood is added even if the mixture is still hot
CAP
29
*Haemophilus influenzae* is also known as ________.
Pfeiffer's Bacillus
30
________ is also known as Pfeiffer's Bacillus
*Haemophilus influenzae*
31
Virulence Factors of *Haemophilus influenzae*
* Capsule
* IgA Protease
* Adherence Mechanisms
32
A virulence factor of *H. influenzae* which plays the most significant role.
Capsule/Capsular Polysaccharide
33
How is the capsule of *H. influenzae* virulent?
Inhibits phagocytosis (antiphagocytic) and anticomplementary activity
34
The capsule of *H. influenzae* can be serologically grouped into ____.
Groups A,B,C,D,E,F
35
The most invasive serotype of *H. influenzae*
Serotype b (Hib)
36
Serotype b is composed of ________
ribose, ribitol, phosphate (polyribitol phosphate)
37
______ is composed of ribose, ribitol, phosphate (polyribitol phosphate).
*H influenzae* Serotype b
38
*H. influenzae* strains with capsule are ______.
Typable
39
*H. influenzae* strains without capsule are ______.
Non-typable
40
What do you call the strains of *H. influenzae* without a capsule?
Non-typable *H. influenzae* (NTHi)
41
The only genus that produces IgA protease is _______.
*Haemophilus influenzae*
42
*H. influenzae* is the only genus that produces _______.
IgA protease
43
How is IgA protease of *H. influenzae* virulent?
It cleaves secretory IgA
44
Adherence mechanisms of *H. influenzae*
* NTHi Strains
* Serotype b
45
# **Adherence Mechanisms**
These are adherent to human epithelial cells.
NTHi Strains
46
# **Adherence Mechanisms**
Which strain of *H. influenzae* produces a localized infection?
NTHi Strain
47
# **Adherence Mechanisms**
It is not adherent to human epithelial cells.
Serotype b
48
# **Adherence Mechanisms**
Which strain of *H. influenzae* produces a systemic infection?
Serotype b
49
Infections produced by encapsulated strains of *H. influenzae*
**MNEMONIC: SepSepMOCeffyPePE**
* **Sep**ticemia
* **Sep**tic arthritis
* **M**eningitis
* **O**steomyelitis
* **Ce**llulitis
* **Pe**ricarditis
* **P**neumonia
* **E**piglottis
50
Infections produced by non-encapsulated strains of *H. influenzae*
**MNEMONIC: O Si Cindy Ba Pumatay?**
* **O**titis media
* **Si**nusitis
* **C**onjunctivitis
* **Ba**cteremia
* **P**neumonia
51
The common name of *Haemophilus aegyptius* is _________.
Koch-Weeks Bacillus
52
Koch Weeks Bacillus is the common name of _______.
*Haemophilus aegyptius*
53
The causative agent of acute conjuctivitis is ________.
*Haemophilus aegyptius*
54
*H. aegyptius* is the causative agent of ________.
Acute Conjunctivitis
55
Acute conjunctivitis is also known as ________.
Pink eye
56
The counterpart of *H. aegyptius* in Virology is _______.
Adenovirus
57
______ in Virology, also causes pink eye.
Adenovirus
58
The causative agent of conjunctivitis in pediatric patients.
*Haemophilus influenzae* biogroup *aegyptius*
59
*Haemophilus influenzae* biogroup *aegyptius* is the causative agent of ________.
Conjunctivitis in pediatric patients
60
Is *Haemophilus influenzae* biogroup *aegyptius* capsulated?
No
61
It causes Brazilian Purpuric Fever (BPF)
*Haemophilus influenzae* biogroup *aegyptius*
62
Brazilian Purpuric Fever (BPF) is a ________ disease.
Systemic
63
*Haemophilus influenzae* biogroup *aegyptius* causes the systemic disease called _________.
Brazillian Purpuric Fever (BPF)
64
Which *Haemophilus* sp. is not a part of the human microbiota?
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
65
It is a strict pathogen, which is known to be the smallest pathogenic bacteria.
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
66
It is the causative agent of Chancroid
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
67
*Haemophilus ducreyi* is the causative agent of ________.
Chancroid
68
It is a highly communicable sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease.
Chancroid
69
Two kinds of Chancroid
* Soft chancre
* Hard chancre
70
Soft chancre is caused by _______.
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
71
Hard chancre is caused by ______.
Syphilis
72
Which *Haemophilus* sp. causes endocarditis?
*Haemophilus parainfluenzae*
73
*Haemophilus parainfluenzae* causes _____.
Endocarditis
74
The primary site of infection for *Haemophilus parainfluenzae* is ________.
Mitral Valve
75
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
Lower RT
Bronchial Washing
76
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
Genital sites are cleaned with ______.
sterile gauze
77
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
Genital sites are cleaned with sterile gauze moistened with ______.
sterile saline
78
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
________ are cleaned with sterile gauze with sterile saline.
Genital sites
79
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
Swab pre-moistened with ______ at the base of the ulcer.
sterile phosphate buffered saline
80
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
Swab pre-moistened with sterile phosphate buffered saline at the ________.
base of the ulcer
81
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
For genital sites, aspirate from _____.
buboes
82
# **Specimen Collection and Transport for *Haemophilus* spp.**
For *Haemophilus* spp., ___________ instead of transport medium.
Direct Plating Bedside
83
Direct Microscopic Examination of *H. influenzae*
Intracellular and extracellular gram negative coccobacilli
84
An excellent medium for the isolation of *Haemophilus* spp. for RT specimens.
CAP
85
Culture media for *H. influenzae*
**CAP** incubated between 33 to 37 C with 5-10% CO2 at 18-24 hours of incubation w/ 300 ml/L of bacitracin
86
Why is bacitracin added to CAP in isolating *H. influenzae*?
To inhibit other normal flora in the RT
87
A synthetic supplement in a vial, which is a source of X and V factor.
IsoVitaleX or Vitox
88
Culture media for *H. ducreyi* and *H. aegyptius*
**CAP** with 1% IsoVitaleX or Vitox
89
Which *Haemophilus* sp. grows best at 33 C?
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
90
Culture media for *H. ducreyi*
Nairobi Biplate
91
Nairobi Biplate contains ______.
* **GC agar base** with 2% bovine hemoglobin and 5% fetal calf serum with vancomycin
* **Mueller Hinton Agar** with 5% chocolatized horse blood with vancomycin
92
GC agar base components
2% bovine hemoglobin and 5% fetal calf serum with vancomycin
93
Mueller Hinton Broth Agar components __________.
5% chocolatized horse blood with vancomycin
94
# **Macroscopic Examination**
*Haemophilus influenzae*
**CAP:** Transluscent, tannish, moist colonies with a distinct "mousy" or bleach-like odor
95
Which *Haemophilus* sp. has a distinct "mousy" or bleach-like odor?
*Haemophilus influenzae*
96
Why can't *Haemophilus* spp. grow on MAC agar?
Because the agar does not contain X and V factors
97
# **Macroscopic Examination**
*Haemophilus parainfluenzae*
**CAP:** Tannish, drier, medium to large size compared to *H. influenzae*
98
# **Macroscopic Examination**
*Haemophilus haemolyticus* and *Haemophilus parahaemolyticus*
β-hemolysis on BAP
99
# **Macroscopic Examination**
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
**CAP:** Small, flat, smooth, non-mucoid, transparent to opaque colonies
100
# **Which organism is it?**
Colonies can be pushed intact using a loop and difficult to pick up
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
101
# **Which organism is it?**
It produces a "clumpy" non-homogenous appearance when suspended in saline.
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
102
*H. ducreyi* produces a ________ non-homogenous appearance when suspended in saline.
"clumpy"
103
*H. ducreyi* produces a "clumpy" non-homogenous appearance when suspended in ________.
saline
104
# **Microscopic Examination**
*Haemophilus* spp.
Small, gram negative (-), coccobacilli to long filaments
105
# **Microscopic Examination**
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
* Pale-staining, gram negative (-), coccobacilli arranged in singly or in groups
* "School of fish", "railroad tracks", "fingerprint"
106
*H. ducreyi* is commonly referred as _________.
* "School of fish"
* "Railroad tracks"
* "Fingerprints"
107
Which organism is commonly referred to as:
* "School of fish"
* "Railroad tracks"
* "Fingerprints"
*Haemophilus ducreyi*
108
An alternative method for differentiating the heme-producing species of *Haemophilus*.
Porphyrin Test
109
Explain the principle of Porphyrin Test
To determine the ability of an organism to convert δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) into porphyrins or porphobilinogen.
110
What is the substrate in Porphyrin Test?
δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)
111
What is the reagent in Porphyrin Test?
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
112
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is also known as ________.
Kovac's Reagent
113
What are the intermediates in the synthesis of X factor?
* Porphyrins
* Porphobilinogen
114
(+) Result in Tubed Porphyrin Test
Red color in lower aqueous solution
115
The (+) result in the tubed porphyrin test indicates the presence of _______.
Porphobilinogen
116
(+) Result in Plated Porphyrin Test
Reddish-orange fluorescence in UVL detection at 360 nm
117
The (+) result in the plated porphyrin test indicates the presence of _______.
Porphyrin
118
Which organisms are (+) for D-ALA/Porphyrin Test?
**Organisms who do not require X factor:**
* *H. parainfluenzae*
* *H. parahaemolyticus*
* *H. aphrophilus*
* *H. paraphrophilus*
119
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. influenzae*
Both
120
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. parainfluenzae*
V Factor
121
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. haemolyticus*
Both
122
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. parahaemolyticus*
V Factor
123
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. aegyptius*
Both
124
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. aphrophilus*
None
125
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. paraphrophilus*
V Factor
126
# **Determine if the species have X factor, V factor or both**
*H. ducreyi*
X Factor
127
Which *Haemophilus* spp. are the only ones who produce β-hemolysis?
* *H. haemolyticus*
* *H. parahaemolyticus*
128
Gram stain reaction and morphology of HACEK group
Gram negative (-) bacilli
129
Is HACEK group fastidious?
Yes
130
Fastidious requirement for HACEK group
Increased CO2
131
Infection caused by HACEK group
Endocarditis
132
HACEK group is a normal microbiota of the ________.
Oral cavity
133
HACEK group is known to be _______ organisms.
opportunistic
134
HACEK group members
* ***H**aemophilus* spp.
* ***A**ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans*
* ***C**ardiobacterium hominis*
* ***E**ikenella corrodens*
* ***K**ingella* spp.
135
Which member of the HACEK group is capnophilic?
*Cardiobacterium hominis*
136
Which member/s of the HACEK group is/are dysgonic?
* ***A**ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans*
* ***C**ardiobacterium hominis*
* ***E**ikenella corrodens*
* ***K**ingella* spp.
137
Dysgonic means _______.
slow growers
138
*Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* is previously known as __________.
*Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans*
139
*Aggregatibacter aphrophilus* is derived from the Greek words ______.
aphros and philia
140
The Greek words "aphros" and "philia" means ______.
foam-loving or desiring high concentration of CO2
141
Which organism is derived from the Greek words "aphros" and "philia"?
*Aggregatibacter aphrophilus*
142
It causes dental plaque and gingival scrapings
*Aggregatibacter aphrophilus*
143
*Aggregatibacter aphrophilus* causes ___________.
* Dental plaque
* Gingival scrapings
144
*Aggregatibacter aphrophilus* is previously known as _______.
*Haemophilus aphrophilus* and *Haemophilus paraphrophilus*
145
Catalase reaction of *Aggregatibacter aphrophilus*
Negative (-)
146
*Aggregatibacter aphrophilus* utilizes which carbohydrates?
* Glucose
* Sucrose
* Maltose
* Lactose
147
Which organism is known to have a "star shape with four to six points"?
*Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans*
148
*Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans* has a colonial characteristic of ___________.
**"Star shape with four to six points"** at the center of colonies after 48 hours of incubation in BAP
149
The colonial characteristic of *A. actinomycetemcomitans* appears after _________.
48 hours of incubation in BAP
150
How can the unique colonial appearance of *A. actinomycetemcomitans* seen?
Using a light microscope (100x) or stereomicroscope
151
Catalase reaction of *A. actinomycetemcomitans*
Negative (-)
| Positive (+) ata ewan q
152
Oxidase reaction of *A. actinomycetemcomitans*
Variable (v)
153
Growth in MAC of *A. actinomycetemcomitans*
Negative (-)
154
Urease reaction of *A. actinomycetemcomitans*
Negative (-)
155
The (-) urease reaction of *A. actinomycetemcomitans* differentiates it from ____________.
*Actinobacillus*
156
*A. actinomycetemcomitans* utilizes which carbohydrate?
Glucose
157
Which organism forms rosettes or stick-like structures in yeast extract?
*Cardiobacterium hominis*
| and *C. valvarum?*
158
*Cardiobacterium hominis* produces _________ in yeast extract.
rosettes or stick-like structures
159
*Cardiobacterium hominis* produces rosettes or stick-like structures in _______.
yeast extract
160
Growth in MAC agar of *C. hominis*
Negative (-)
161
Which member of the HACEK group is capable of "pitting" on agar?
*Cardiobacterium hominis* and *Eikenella corrodens*
162
Catalase reaction of *C. hominis*
Negative (-)
163
Indole reaction of *C. hominis*
Positive (+)
164
The catalase and indole reaction of *C. hominis* differentiates it from __________.
*Aggregatibacter* spp.
165
Oxidase reaction of *C. hominis*
Positive (+)
166
Which organism is associated with "clenched fist wounds" or after the skin has been broken by human teeth?
*Eikenella corrodens*
167
*Eikenella corrodens* is associated with _______.
"Clenched fist wounds"
168
Which member of the HACEK group is capable of "pitting" or corroding the surface of the agar?
*Eikenella corrodens*
169
*Eikenella corrodens* odor
Chlorine or bleach-like
170
An organism that has a chlorine or bleach-like odor
*Eikenella corrodens*
171
Catalase reaction of *E. corrodens*
Negative (-)
172
Oxidase reaction of *E. corrodens*
Positive (+)
173
Ornithine reaction of *E. corrodens*
Positive (+)
174
Does *E. corrodens* utilize carbohydrates?
No, it is asaccharolytic
175
Which member of the HACEK group is asaccharolytic?
*Eikenella corrodens*
176
Species under *Kingella*
* *Kingella kingae*
* *Kingella denitrificans*
* *Kingella oralis*
* *Kingella potus*
177
Morphology of *Kingella* spp.
Coccobacillary with squared-ends
178
Catalase reaction of *Kingella* spp.
Negative (-)
179
The catalase reaction of *Kingella* spp. differentiates it from ________.
*Moraxella* spp. and *Neisseria* spp.
180
Oxidase reaction of *Kingella* spp.
Positive (+)
181
*Kingella* spp. utilizes which carbohydrates?
Glucose, Maltose
182
Which member of the HACEK group has a (+) growth in *Neisseria* selective agars?
*Kingella* spp.
183
*Capnocytophaga* spp. belongs to the Family _________.
Flavobacteriaceae
184
Species under *Capnocytophaga*
* *C. ochracea*
* *C. gingivalis*
* *C. sputigena*
* *C. haemolytica*
* *C. granulosa*
185
*Capnocytophaga* spp. are a normal microbiota of the ________.
Oral cavity
186
*Capnocytophaga* spp. causes __________.
Septicemia with neutropenia
187
_________ causes Septicemia with neutropenia.
*Capnocytophaga* spp.
188
Neutropenia means _______.
low neutrophil count
189
Are *Capnocytophaga* spp. fastidious?
Yes
190
Aerotolerance of *Capnocytophaga* spp.
Facultative Anaerobe
191
Gram stain reaction and morphology of *Capnocytophaga* spp.
Gram negative (-) fusiform bacilli
192
What is the fastidious requirement of *Capnocytophaga* spp.?
Increased CO2
193
Are *Capnocytophaga* spp. motile?
Yes
194
*Capnocytophaga* spp. are characterized by its ________ motility.
Gliding motility
195
Which carbohydrates do *Capnocytophaga* spp. ferment?
* Glucose
* Sucrose
* Maltose
* Lactose
196
Can *Capnocytophaga* spp. reduce nitrate?
Yes
197
Can *Capnocytophaga* spp. hydrolyze esculin?
Yes
198
Oxidase reaction of *Capnocytophaga* spp.
Negative (-)
199
Catalase reaction of *Capnocytophaga* spp.
Negative (-)
200
# **HACEK Group**
Oxidase reaction of *Haemophilus* spp.
+/-
201
# **HACEK Group**
Oxidase reaction of *Aggregatibacter* spp.
+/-
202
# **HACEK Group**
Oxidase reaction of *Cardiobacterium* spp.
+
203
# **HACEK Group**
Oxidase reaction of *Eikenella* spp.
+
204
# **HACEK Group**
Oxidase reaction of *Kingella* spp.
+
205
# **HACEK Group**
Catalase reaction of *Haemophilus* spp.
-
206
Which member of the HACEK group is Nitrate (-)?
*Kingella* spp.
207
An organism characterized by its **"twitching motility"**
*Kingella* spp.
208
*Kingella* spp. are characterized by its ________ motility.
Twitching motility
209
An organism characterized by its **"gliding motility"**
*Capnocytophaga* spp.
210
*Pasteurella* spp. cause the infection _______.
Pateurellosis
211
The causative agent of Pasteurellosis is ______.
*Pasteurella* spp.
212
Pasteurellosis is a ________ infection.
zoonotic
213
How is Pasteurellosis transmitted?
Through animal bites
214
*Pasteurella* spp. also cause _______.
Shipping Fever
215
The causative agent of Shipping Fever is _______.
*Pasteurella* spp.
216
Who is affected with Shipping Fever?
Cattles
217
A normal microbiota of the oral cavity of birds and mammals.
*Pasteurella* spp.
218
*Pasteurella* spp. is a normal microbiota of the ______ of birds and mammals.
oral cavity
219
Which *Pasteurella* sp. is common in humans?
*Pasteurella multocida*
220
**TRUE OR FALSE.**
*Pasteurella* sp. do not have a capsule
False
221
Are *Pasteurella* spp. motile?
No
222
An organism which stains bipolar (''safety pin'')
*Pasteurella* spp.
223
Oxidase reaction of *Pasteurella* spp.
Positive (+)
224
Ornithine reaction of *Pasteurella* spp.
Positive (+)
225
Catalase reaction of *Pasteurella* spp.
Positive (+)
226
Urease reaction of *Pasteurella* spp.
Positive (+)
227
Indole reaction of *Pasteurella* spp.
Positive (+)
228
*Pasteurella* spp. utilizes which carbohydrates?
Glucose
229
*Pasteurella* spp. Growth on MAC
Negative (-)
230
*Pasteurella* spp. Growth on BAP
Positive (+)
231
Which *Pasteurella* sp. is common in dogs?
*Pasteurella canis*
232
Which *Pasteurella* sp. is common in dogs, cats, and humans?
* *P. stomatis*
* *P. dogmatis*
233
It is associated with Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever.
*Legionella pneumophila*
234
*Legionella pneumophila* is associated with ______.
Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever
235
It is associated with Pittsburgh Pneumonia
*Legionella micdadei*
236
*Legionella micdadei* is associated with ________.
Pittsburgh Pneumonia
237
It is associated with Wiga's agent of pneumonia
*Legionella bozemanii*
238
*Legionella bozemanni* is associated with ________.
Wiga's agent of Pneumonia
239
*Legionella* spp. resists ________.
water treatment
240
Which organism resists water treatment?
*Legionella* spp.
241
*Legionella* spp. can tolerate and multiply at a temperature over _______.
20 to 43 C
242
Mode of Transmission for *Legionella* spp.
Aerosolized water particles
243
Which specimen is collected for the isolation of *Legionella* spp.?
Sputum
244
# **For *Legionella* spp.**
The sputum is diluted ____ with 0.2 N KCl-HCl for 5 minutes.
1:10
245
# **For *Legionella* spp.**
The sputum is diluted 1:10 with ___________.
0.2 N KCl-HCl for 5 minutes
246
# **For *Legionella* spp.**
The ________ is diluted 1:10 with 0.2 N KCl-HCl for 5 minutes.
sputum
247
Incubation period for *Legionella* spp.
37 C in air for at least 7 days
248
*Legionella* spp. growth in BAP
Negative (-)
249
*Legionella* spp. requires _____.
L-cysteine
250
Which organism requires L-cysteine?
*Legionella* spp.
251
Culture media for *Legionella* spp.
* BCYE with L-cysteine
* Feeley Gorman medium
252
Colonial apperance of *Legionella* spp.
Grayish-white, blue-green, convex, and glistening colonies with "ground-glass" and "cut-glass" appearance
253
Which organism is characterized by its **"ground-glass"** or **"cut-glass"** appearance?
*Legionella* spp.
254
*Legionella* spp. can be serologically identified by _______.
Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA)
255
What is the purpose of DFA?
To detect the presence of *Legionella* Ag
256
Which stain is used for *Legionella* spp.?
Deiterle Silver Stain
257
Deiterle Silver Stain is used for ________.
*Legionella* spp.
258
*Legionella* spp. stain _____ in Deiterle silver stain.
black
259
It is the causative agent of Tularemia
*Francisella tularensis*
260
*Francisella tularensis* is the causative agent of ________.
Tularemia
261
What kind of infection is Tularemia?
Zoonotic
262
Tularemia is also known as _____.
Water trapper's disease
263
Tularemia Mode of Transmission
Ingestion, inhalation, arthropod bite, contact with infected tissues
264
Is *Francisella tularensis* motile?
No
265
Is *Francisella tularensis* capsulated?
Yes
266
Aerotolerance of *Francisella tularensis*
Obligate anaerobe
267
Requirements of *Francisella tularensis*
* Cysteine
* Cystine
* Thiosulfate
268
Catalase reaction of *Francisella tularensis*
Positive (+)
269
Oxidase reaction of *Francisella tularensis*
Negative (-)
270
Urease reaction of *Francisella tularensis*
Negative (-)
271
*Francisella tularensis* growth on MAC
Negative (-)
272
Culture media for *Francisella tularensis*
* **Glucose Cysteine Blood Agar** (GCBA)
* **Peptone Cysteine Agar** (PCA)
* **Cysteine Heart Aga**r (CHA)
273
Gram stain reaction and morphology of *Bordetella* spp.
Gram negative (-) bacilli
274
Aerotolerance of *Bordetella* spp.
Obligate aerobes
275
*Bordetella* spp. grow best at _______.
35-37 C
276
The causative agent of whooping cough or pertussis
*Bordetella pertussis*
277
*Bordetella pertussis* is the causative agent of ________.
Whooping cough or Pertussis
278
A milder form of whooping cough; pertussis-like syndrome
*Bordetella parapertussis*
279
It inhabits the respiratory tract of canines, and cause Kennel cough
*Bordetella bronchiseptica*
280
*Bordetella bronchiseptica* is the causative agent of _______.
Kennel Cough
281
Virulence factors associated with *Bordetella pertussis*
* Filamentous hemaglutinin (FHA) & Pertactin
* Pertussis Toxin (PT)
282
How is FHA and pertactin virulent?
Used for attachment
283
How is pertussis toxin virulent?
It interferes with signal transduction
284
Which virulence factor of *B. pertussis* functions as attachment?
Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) & Pertactin
285
Which virulence factor of *B. pertussis* interferes with signal transduction?
Pertussis Toxin (PT)
286
Virulence factors associated with *Bordetella parapertussis* and *Bordetella bronchiseptica*
* Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
* Tracheal Cytotoxin
287
How is adenylate cyclase toxin virulent?
Inhibit host epithelial cells and immune effector cells
288
How is tracheal cytotoxin virulent?
It inhibits DNA synthesis and promote cell death
289
Which virulence factor of *B. parapertussis* and *B. bronchiseptica* inhibits human epithelial cells and immune effector cells?
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin
290
Which virulence factor of *B. parapertussis* and *B. bronchiseptica* inhibits DNA synthesis and promotes cell death?
Tracheal Cytotoxin
291
Which species of *Bordetella* is motile?
*Bordetella bronchiseptica*
292
Which species of *Bordetella* is negative for urease?
*Bordetella pertussis*
293
Which species of *Bordetella* is positive for nitrate?
*Bordetella bronchiseptica*
294
Which species of *Bordetella* is negative for oxidase?
*Bordetella parapertussis*
295
How many stages does Pertussis have?
**3 Stages of Pertussis**
1. Catarrhal Phase
2. Paroxysmal Phase
3. Convalescent Phase
296
# **Which Stage of Pertussis?**
Development of flu-like symptoms
**Stage 1:** Catarrhal Phase
297
# **Which Stage of Pertussis?**
Repetitive coughing episodes followed by the characteristic "whoop" at the end of the coughing spell.
**Stage 2:** Paroxysmal Phase
298
# **Which Stage of Pertussis?**
Recovery period
**Stage 3:** Convalescent Phase
299
Specimen of choice for *Bordetella* spp.
Nasopharyngeal aspirates or Swab
300
The swab for *Bordetella* spp. must be made of ______.
Calcium alginate or Dacron polyester
301
Culture medium for *Bordetella* spp.
* **Bordet-Gengou** (Potato-Blood Glycerol)
* **Regan-Lowe Transport Medium** with charcoal, 10% horse blood, and cephalexin
* **Jones Kendrich** with charcoal and yeast extract
* **Charcoal-Cephalexin Blood Agar** (CCBA)
* **Stainer & Scholte**
* **Casamino Broth**
302
Regan-Lowe Transport Medium contents
Charcoal with 10% horse blood and cephalexin
303
Jones Kendrich Medium contents
Charcoal, yeast extract
304
Bordet-Gengou is also known as _________.
Potato-Blood Glycerol
305
Colonial appearance of *Bordetella* spp. when cultured in Bordet-Gengou medium.
Mercury drop or Pearl-like colonies
306
Gram stain reaction and morphology of *Brucella* spp.
Gram negative (-) bacilli
307
Aerotolerance of *Brucella* spp.
Obligate aerobes
308
Are *Brucella* spp. capsulated?
No
309
*Brucella* spp. are ______ bacteria.
zoonotic
310
*Brucella* spp. requires _______ to enhance its growth.
Erythritol
311
*Brucella* spp. cause _________.
Animal abortion and endocarditis
312
______ cause animal abortion and endocarditis.
*Brucella* spp.
313
Culture medium for *Brucella* spp.
* Castaneda Broth
* TSB
* Wisconsin medium
* CAP
314
A biphasic medium that contains broth and solid part in one bottle.
Castaneda Broth
315
Castaneda broth is a ______ medium.
biphasic
316
Which *Brucella* spp. are positive (+) for H2S?
* *Brucella abortus*
* *Brucella suis*
317
Some *Brucella* spp. are inhibited by the dyes __________.
Fuchsin and Thionine
318
Serologic tests for *Brucella* spp.
* Rose Bengal
* 2-mercapthoethanol Agglutination
319
_______ is the causative agent of Meditteranean Fever.
*Brucella melitensis*
320
*Brucella melitensis* is the causative agent of _________.
Meditteranean Fever
321
________ is also known as ***"Bang's Bacillus"***
*Brucella abortus*
322
*Brucella abortus* is also known as _________.
Bang's Bacillus
323
Natural hosts of *Brucella melitensis*
Goat or sheep
324
Natural hosts of *Brucella abortus*
Cattle
325
Natural hosts of *Brucella suis*
Swine
326
Natural hosts of *Brucella canis*
Dogs
327
Which *Brucella* spp. are negative for Serum Agglutination?
*Brucella canis*
328
Which *Brucella* spp. are variable for urease?
*Brucella melitensis*
329
# **Determine which *Brucella* spp.**
**Urease:** (+) <2 hours
*Brucella abortus*
330
# **Determine which *Brucella* spp.**
**Urease:** (+) <0.5 hour
* *Brucella suis*
* *Brucella canis*
331
Which *Brucella* spp. are inhibited by Thionine?
*Brucella abortus*
332
Which *Brucella* spp. are inhibited by Fuchsin?
* *Brucella suis*
* *Brucella canis*
