Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Bacterial Cell Components > Flashcards

Bacterial Cell Components Flashcards

1
Q

It serves as the mordant in Gram Staining.

A

Gram’s Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These bacteria usually have a gram negative reaction, but not because of their cell wall, but because they do not have a cell wall.

A

- Mycoplasma
- Ureaplasma
- Acholeplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of Inclusion Bodies

A
  1. Much Granules
  2. Volutin/Babes Ernst Bodies/Metachromatic Granules
  3. Bipolar Bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two sporulating bacteria?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which gram bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer?

A

Gram Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of Slime Layer?

A
  • Protection from phagocytosis
  • Helps the bacteria to adhere to host tissues or synthetic implants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the components of an acid fast cell wall?

A

Glycolipids and fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 forms of Glycocalyx?

A

Capsule and Slime Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It serves as the primary stain in Gram Staining.

A

Crystal Violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Can bacteria synthesize their own food?

A

No (source: environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many phospholipid bilayer is present in a gram negative bacteria?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

These are longer and singular, hollow protein tubes that is primarily used in DNA conjugation.

A

Sex/Fertility/F Pilus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of staining method is used in acid fast staining?

A

Differential Stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It serves as the decolorizer in Hot Method of Acid Fast Staining.

A

Acid Alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

All BACILLI are _________.

A

Gram Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the functions of the outer membrane

A
  1. It acts as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds.
  2. It acts as a sieve which allows water-soluble molecules to enter through porins.
  3. It provides attachment sites to enhance attachment to host cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A technique that is used to differentiate a gram-positive bacteria from a gram-negative bacteria.

A

Gram Staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

These are gram-positive bacteria that demonstrates both gram-positive and gram-negative reactions.

A

Gram Variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the decolorizer, what will be the color of a non-acid fast bacteria?

A

Colorless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the main composition of endospores?

A

Calcium Dipicolinate or Calcium Dipicolinic Acid Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alkaline stains target the ________.

A

acidic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acidic stains target the _______.

A

basic component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Glycocalyx is associated with what antigen?

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

After applying the decolorizer, what will be the color of a gram-positive bacteria?

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the two bacteria that demonstrates a natural gram variability?

A
  • Mobilincus spp.
  • Gardnerella vaginalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ziehl Neelsen method is also known as the ________.

A

Hot method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These are exterior protein filaments or whip-like projections with a motor attached in a basal body responsible for its propeller-like rotation.

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_______ are very difficult to stain, but stainable bacteria are usually gram negative.

A

Spirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The sites of protein synthesis in bacterial cells which has a size of 70S.

A

Free Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Precautions: Prolonged decolorization

Effect:

A

False gram-negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

It allows the bacteria to easily attach to the host surface.

A

Degradative enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pili are usually found in which gram bacteria?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

An inclusion body that contains polyphosphates or inorganic phosphates and is found in C. diphtheriae

A

Volutin/Babes Ernst/Metachromatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the 3 methods of acid fast staining?

A
  • Ziehl Neelsen
  • Kinyoun
  • Auramine-Rhodamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Peptidoglycan is also known as the _________.

A

Murein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

It means fringe in Latin

A

Fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

_________ render the cells resistant to decolorization.

A

Mycolic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

After applying the secondary stain, what will be the color of a gram-positive bacteria?

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How many subunits are there in a free ribosome of bacterial cells?

A

2 (50S and 30S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the primary stain, what will be the color of a non-acid fast bacteria?

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Describe the chromosome of a bacteria

A

single and circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which gram bacteria has a thin peptidoglycan layer?

A

Gram Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

An acid-fast bacteria stains ________.

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

All COCCI are _________.

A

Gram Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What happens if the cell wall can’t withstand osmotic pressure?

A

It can cause cell lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How many phospholipid bilayer is present in a gram positive bacteria?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the three gram negative cocci bacteria?

A

- Neisseria
- Veillonella
- Moraxella/Branhamella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

A gram-positive bacteria stains _______.

A

purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

It is the most commonly encountered acid-fast bacteria.

A

Mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

After applying the primary stain, what will be the color of a gram-positive bacteria?

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Flagella is made up of a protein material called _________.

A

Flagellin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

It regulates the autolytic enzyme and contains antigenic properties that stimulate the immune response of the host.

A

Lipoteichoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Elaborate the functions of the Cell Wall

A
  1. It gives and maintains the shape of the cell.
  2. It gives strength to withstand changes in the environmental osmotic pressure.
  3. It protects against mechanical disruption.
  4. It offers a barrier to the passage of large substances.
  5. It serves as the location of the ETC, where energy is generated.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Why is Kinyoun method referred to as a “cold method”?

A

Because, we do not need to use heat in order for the stain to penetrate the walls of the bacteria. The high concentration of the phenol in the primary stain solution already allows the primary strain to penetrate the walls of the bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

It serves as the secondary stain in Hot Method of Acid Fast Staining.

A

Methylene Blue or Malachite Green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Precautions: Antibiotic-treated, dead, degenerating culture

Effect:

A

Gram-variable or gram-ghost

only occurring in gram-positive bacteria

57
Q

These bacteria are capable of autolysis.

A

S.pneumoniae and S. aureus

58
Q

It is very useful in serologically typing and identifying species of Salmonella.

A

H Antigen

59
Q

Two Groups of Bacteria According to Gram Stain Reaction

A

Gram Positive and Gram Negative

60
Q

Kinyoun method is also known as the _________.

A

Cold method

61
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the secondary stain, what will be the color of a non-acid fast bacteria?

A

Blue or Green

62
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the decolorizer, what will be the color of an acid fast bacteria?

A

Red

63
Q

Auramine-Rhodamine or Fluorescent method is also known as __________.

A

Truant’s Stain

64
Q

Elaborate the composition of the outer membrane

A
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Lipopolysaccharide
  • Porin
65
Q

How does teichoic acid provide rigidity to the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria?

A

By attracting magnesium and calcium, which makes the cell wall hard.

66
Q

Enumerate the components of an Acid Fast Stain (Kinyoun)

A
  1. Carbol Fuchsin
  2. Chemical Tergitol
  3. Acid Alcohol
  4. Methylene Blue
67
Q

It means hair in Latin

A

Pili

68
Q

An example of an autolytic enzyme _________.

A

Muramidase

69
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the secondary stain, what will be the color of an acid fast bacteria?

A

Red

70
Q

Enumerate the components of an Acid Fast Stain (Ziehl Neelsen)

A
  1. Carbol Fuchsin
  2. Heat
  3. Acid Alcohol
  4. Methylene Blue/Malachite Green
71
Q

A complex, multilayered, highly refractile structure that can be found within the cell’s cytoplasm.

A

Bacterial Spores or Endospores

72
Q

It serves as the secondary stain in Gram Staining.

A

Safranin

73
Q

Give examples of a distinctly acid-fast bacteria

A
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Isospora
74
Q

Give examples of a partially acid-fast bacteria

A

- Nocardia
- Rhodococcus
- Legionella micdadei

75
Q

Which gram bacteria causes a faster progression of disease?

A

Gram Negative

76
Q

After applying the decolorizer, what will be the color of a gram-negative bacteria?

A

Colorless

77
Q

These are folds or invaginations along the length of the cytoplasmic or plasma membrane.

A

Mesosomes

78
Q

It provides rigidity to the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria.

A

Teichoic acid

79
Q

Pili is made up of a protein material called ________.

A

Pilin

80
Q

The original color of bacteria is _________.

A

colorless

81
Q

An exterior high molecular weight appendage made up of polysaccharide polymers or polypeptides.

A

Glycocalyx

82
Q

Spores are highly resistant to ____________.

A

desiccation, heat, and chemical agents

83
Q

An inclusion body that contains lipids and is found in M.tuberculosis

A

Much Granules

84
Q

Enumerate the contributing factors of gram variability.

A
  1. Culture
  2. pH of staining reagent
  3. Bacterial autolysis
  4. Staining reaction time
85
Q

Auramine-Rhodamine is also known as the __________.

A

Fluorescent or fluorochrome method

86
Q

After applying the mordant, what will be the color of a gram-negative bacteria?

A

Purple

87
Q

It serves as the mordant in Hot Method of Acid Fast Staining.

A

Heat

88
Q

It serves as the primary stain in Hot Method of Acid Fast Staining.

A

Carbol Fuchsin

89
Q

After applying the mordant, what will be the color of a gram-positive bacteria?

A

Purple

90
Q

It serves as the decolorizer in Gram Staining.

A

Acetone Alcohol

91
Q

What kind of staining technique is a Gram Stain?

A

Differential

92
Q

These are shorter, numerous, sticky hair-like appendages that is used for adherence.

A

Common/Somatic/Ordinary Pilus

93
Q

What is the main fatty acid found in an acid fast cell wall?

A

Mycolic acid

94
Q

__________ and _________ have a gram positive cell wall structure, however because 60% of its cell wall is made up of mycolic acid (waxy), it affects its permeability which makes it difficult to gram stain.

A

Mycobacterium and Nocardia

95
Q

It is specifically designed for a subset of bacteria whose cell walls contain a long-chain of fatty acids.

A

Acid Fast Staining

96
Q

What is the composition of the acid alcohol used in Ziehl Neelson method?

A

3% HCl in 95% Ethanol

97
Q

Precautions: Insufficient 2nd stain application

Effect:

A

False-gram positive

98
Q

Spores serve as a ________ or ________ stage for bacteria when they are exposed to unfavorable conditions.

A

resting or hibernating

99
Q

It gives a “safety pin” appearance in Y.pestis

A

Bipolar Bodies

100
Q

A phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins that envelops the cytoplasm but does not contain sterols.

A

Cytoplasmic (Inner) Membrane

101
Q

Mesosomes serve as a ____________.

A

point of attachment for chromosomes

102
Q

It is a gel-like substance that contains degradative enzymes and helps the bacteria in capturing nutrients from the environment.

A

Periplasmic Space

103
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the mordant, what will be the color of a non-acid fast bacteria?

A

Red

104
Q

After applying the primary stain, what will be the color of a gram-negative bacteria?

A

Purple

105
Q

It is a characteristic demonstrated only by gram positive bacteria.

A

Gram Variability

106
Q

A uniform and condensed organized material that is firmly attached to the cell wall of the bacteria.

A

Capsule

107
Q

Enumerate the components of a Gram Stain

A
  1. Crystal Violet
  2. Gram’s Iodine
  3. Acetone Alcohol
  4. Safranin
108
Q

What are the other components that make up the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria?

A

Teichoic acid and Lipoteichoic acid

109
Q

A gram-negative bacteria stains _______.

A

red

110
Q

Flagella is associated with which type of antigen?

A

H Antigen (Hauch Antigen)

111
Q

A loose or diffused, thick, viscous unorganized material that appears to be detached from the bacterial or not firmly attached to the cell wall.

A

Slime Layer

112
Q

What are the gram positive bacilli bacteria?

A
  • Mycobacterium
  • Bacillus
  • Erysipelothrix
  • Lactobacillus
  • Listeria
  • Clostridium
  • Rothia
  • Aerobic Actinomyces
  • Corynebacterium
  • Kurthia
113
Q

Inclusion bodies may be in a form of ___________.

A
  • Glycogen (carbohydrate reserves)
  • Polyphosphates (ATP reserves)
  • Polybetahydroxybutyric acid (lipid reserves)
114
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the mordant, what will be the color of an acid-fast bacteria?

A

Red

115
Q

It is a type of protein found in the outer membrane of a gram negative bacteria that serves as a channel, where substances enter.

A

Porin

116
Q

Give the two structures that is unique only in gram negative bacteria

A

Periplasmic space and Outer Membrane

117
Q

It is present in both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and is the deepest layer of the cell envelope.

A

Cytoplasmic (Inner) Membrane

118
Q

After applying the secondary stain, what will be the color of a gram-negative bacteria?

A

Red

119
Q

What are the two substances that make up the decolorizer in Gram Staining?

A

5% Acetone and 95% Alcohol

120
Q

Precautions: Insufficient decolorization

Effect:

A

False gram-positive

121
Q

An non-acid fast bacteria stains ________.

A

Blue/Green

122
Q

What is the expected color in Auramine-Rhodamine method?

A

Bright, yellow-orange bacteria against a dark background

123
Q

An acid fast staining method that does not require the use of heat.

A

Kinyoun Method

124
Q

What is the main component of the plasma membrane of a bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan

125
Q

These are protein projections that are thinner and shorter than flagella.

A

Pili

126
Q

What is the composition of the acid alcohol used in Kinyoun method?

A

3% H2SO4 in 95% Ethanol

127
Q

What are the components of plasma membrane?

A
  • Peptidoglycan (murein)
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Proteins
128
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Gram Positive bacteria has a presence of periplasmic space.

A

False

129
Q

ZIEHL NEELSEN METHOD
After applying the primary stain, what will be the color of an acid-fast bacteria?

A

Red

130
Q

It serves as a depot or storage deposits when there is a limited or excess of a particular nutrient.

A

Inclusion Bodies

131
Q

Precautions: CV rinsed too vigorously before Gram’s Iodine

Effect:

A

False gram-negative

132
Q

Elaborate the functions of Cytoplasmic (Inner) Membrane

A
  • Separates the intracellular components from extracellular ones.
  • Osmotic barrier/selective permeability
  • Site of ETC
  • Houses enzymes
133
Q

If we are going to use HCl as a component in the decolorizer in Kinyoun method, what should be its concentration?

A

0.5%

134
Q

It serves as an additional osmotic barrier.

A

Cytoplasmic (Inner) Membrane

135
Q

This is where the nucleoid region is attached.

A

Mesosomes

136
Q

Precautions: Prolonged 2nd stain application

Effect:

A

False-gram negative

137
Q

Which bacteria contain sterols?

A
  • Mycoplasma spp.
  • Ureaplasma spp.
138
Q

Medically Important Capsulated Bacteria

A
  • Neisseria meningitis
  • Haemophilus influenzae serotype b
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Bacillus anthracis

Bacteriology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions