Flashcards in Animal Growth Section Deck (95)
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1
Name some reasons why we should study animal growth?
Disease prevention therapy
Tissue regeneration
Prevent wasting conditions
OptimiZe health and wellbeing
2
Def of growth
Increase in size or mass of structural tissues or organs- does not include excess adipose tissue (fat) deposition
3
Def of hyperplasia
Increase in cell number
4
Hypertrophy def
Increase in cell size due to accretion of cell products
5
Def of differentiation
Process of acquiring characteristics distinct from a progenitor cell or tissue, such as occurs in the progressive diversification of cells and tissues of the embryo
6
What is....
Neonatal
Prenatal
Postnatal
N- newborn
Pre- before birth
Post after
7
Def of allometry
Relationship of growth of a part of an orgnaism to growth of the whole organism
Eng-
Not everything grows at same rate
Exp: calf born with really long legs
8
What does allometry focus on
Tissues that will collect nutrients
9
Def of apoptosis
Programmed cell death
Eng-
Cell destined to die at specific stage of development
Exp: webbed fingers
10
Def of atrophy
Decrease in size of a cell, tissue, organ or part (opposite of hypertrophy)
Due from lack of use usually
11
def of development
Change in form and or function of the animal or tissue which results from changes in rate of increase or decrease of individual components of the body of tissue
Eng- as animal develops it doesn't necessarily look the same some tissues grow faster some slower
Goal: to allow animals to survive/be competitive
12
What is one thing that can influence development give example
Gender
Males grow faster/ larger mature size
Castrate: intermediate
Females: estrogen accelerates closure of growth plates so not as big
*pigs exception
13
What two things get the most nutrients
Brain and central nervous system
14
What do females also give a lot of nutrients to besides brain and central nervous system
Placenta and fetus
15
Explain the growth curve of average daily gain (abcd)
All the components start developing at the same time, but they do so at different rates so some finishes early and others take time
Exp: brain grows fast early but then slows dramatically as you get older
16
In the chart of a market animal growth what grows faster as the animal matures
Fat
17
The animal market chart
What grows at a slow steady rate
Bone growth
18
What does epiphysis mean
What does diaphysis
E- end of bone
A- shaft
19
In the diagram of bones anything that was white in the bone was...
Cartilage
20
As the bone in the bone chart matures, there was ________ cartilage and ________ compact bone
Less
More
21
What is the white space at the end of the bone called? It refers to where the bone is growing...
Epiphyseal growth plate
22
What is within the epiphyseal growth plate
Epiphyseal cartilage
23
What causes a mature bone to be remodeled?
1. Lack of use
2. If another area is in need of calcium
Exp: lactation
24
A myo tube is just a
Immature muscle fiber
25
In muscle fiber formation, what is the window where they are formed
Early- it is done quite a bit before parturition
26
What causes a runt
Nutrient restriction
27
Why could the second set of horses produce a bigger colt compared to the first set if they are the same cross?
The mom in #2 was larger and could provide enough nutrients to produce that bigger colt
28
What is myostatin
Growth factor that inhibits muscle development
29
What do naturally occurring myostatin mutations cause
Double muscling in cattle and other species
30
