Flashcards in Digestion Deck (64)
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1
The physical, chemical and enzymatic means the body uses to render a feed/food ready for absorption
Digestion
2
What controls appetite and food intake?
Hypothalamus (hunger and satiety)
Blood glucose levels
Physical capacity
Environmental temperature
3
What are the three types of digestive processes with examples
Physical/ mechanical (chewing/muscular action of digestive tract)
Chemical (hydrocloric acid denatures proteins/ secretory)
Enzymatic
-proteases, amylase, lipase
-catalyze chemical reactions with proteins
-hydrolysis
4
What are the two types of stomachs?
What digestion does the complex one do?
Monogastrics
Ruminants
Microbial digestion
5
What do the following eat
Carnivore
Omnivore
Herbivore
Eat animal flesh mostly (produce more lysosomes)
Consume plants and animals
Depend on plants for food
6
How animals bring food into their mouth
Prehension
7
This is known as chewing or regurgitating or chewing cud
Poultry rely on grinding action in gizzard for this
Mastication
8
What is the purpose of mastication
To break down smaller particles which increases surface area which makes it more assessable to digestion
9
This is the secretion and mixing of saliva with food
Salivation (salivary glands)
10
What does saliva do
- lubricates
Dissolves
Cleanses
Buffers stomach/rumen acid
11
What is the act of swallowing
Deglutition
12
Food passes down the _______ to the stomach
Esophagus
13
What is the true stomach but also called proventriculus in birds
Abomasum
14
In the glandular stomach also known as _______________, what type of digestion begins and which one is there more of
Abomasum
Enzymatic and chemical digestion
More chemical
15
In ruminants, ______________ occurs first in rumen/reticulum
Fermentation
16
_________________ acid is secreted into the stomach
Hydrochloric
17
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
What does each do
Duodenum- digestion via pancreatic (mostly) and liver secretions
Jejunum- longest portion and major site of ABSORPTION (some digestion)
Ileum: absorption and connects to the large intestine
18
What is the act of expelling fecal matter via rectum or cloaca
Defecation
19
What is urination, components include nitrogenous compounds, minerals and water and is regulated by the kidney
Micturition
20
In micturition, what are the nitrogenous compounds in mammals
Birds
Urea mammals
Uric acid
21
What can monogastrics not use as a source of nutrients
Fiber or
High fiber feed stuff
22
What is the one exception in monogastrics that allow some to digest fiber
Functional cecum
23
What are the roles the stomach plays
Acid secretion
Enzyme production
Food storage
Release of chyme to small intestine
24
Go through the order of the monogastrics stomach
Mouth- esophagus- abomasum- duodenum- jejunem- ileum- cecum- colon- rectum
25
What would a carnivores by more adept at absorbing?
Amino acids in the jejunem
26
What are the specialized parts of a chicken turkey and duck
What do they do
Crop: feed softening and storage
Proventriculus: glandular stomach, acid and enzymes
Gizzard: grinding aided by grit important since birds have no teeth
27
What % of ruminants at birth is rumen, reticulum, omasum?
Abomasum?
30%
70%
28
When is a calf rumen functional and what does it do
7 weeks
Fermentation
Decline in blood glucose
Production of vfas
29
In a mature ruminant what % is the following
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Rumen 80%
Reticulum 5%
Omasum 7%
Abomasum 8%
30
