ANS Anatomy Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Nervous System divided into
A
- CNS
- PNS
2
Q
CNS composed of
A
- brain and spinal cord
3
Q
PNS composed of
A
- afferent division
- efferent division
4
Q
afferent division composed of
A
- somatic sensory
- visceral sensory
- special sensory
5
Q
efferent devision composed of
A
- somatic motor
- autonomic motor
6
Q
autonomic motor composed of
A
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- enteric
7
Q
enteric division of ANS
A
- GI tract nervous system
8
Q
somatic division organization
A
- single neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle
9
Q
somatic innervates
A
- skeletal muscle at NMJ
10
Q
somatic (excitatory/inhibitory)
A
- muscle excitation only
11
Q
autonomic organization
A
- two neuron chain connected by ganglion synapse
- preganglionic and post ganglionic neuron
12
Q
autonomic innervates
A
- smooth and cardiac muscle
- glands
- GI neurons
13
Q
autonomic (excitatory/inhibitory)
A
- excitatory or inhibitory
14
Q
somatic motor neurons are located in
A
- spinal cord
- cranial nerve motor nuclei
15
Q
synapses for somatic motor neurons are located where
A
- neuromuscular junction
16
Q
definition of ganglia
A
- collection of neuronal cell bodies outside CNS
17
Q
ANS where is the post ganglionic cell body located
A
- within the ganglion
- or within chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
18
Q
chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla are
A
- modified post ganglionic sympathetic neurons
19
Q
long postganglionic sympathetic fibers lead from the sympathetic chain to the target organ where they are terminated with
A
- varicosities
20
Q
importance of varicosites
A
- release neurotransmitters over large surface area of the tissue
21
Q
parasympathetic effect on pupil
A
- constricts pupil
22
Q
parasympathetic effect on lacrimal gland
A
- stimulates tear production and salivation
23
Q
parasympathetic effect on lungs
A
- constricts airways
24
Q
parasympathetic effect on heart
A
- slows heartbeat
25
parasympathetic effect on gallbladder
parasympathetic effect on liver
- stimulates contraction for bile release
| - glycogen synthesis for glucose storage
26
parasympathetic effect on stomach
- stimulates digestion
27
parasympathetic effect on pancreas and GI
- stimulates secretion of enzymes and insulin
28
parasympathetic effect on GU system
- promotes voiding
- stimulates erection in males
- blood flow for lubrication in women
29
preganglionic neurons of the Parasympathetic division is called
- craniosacral
30
axon size of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic
- long axons
31
axon size of post ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic
why?
- shorter axons
| - ganglia located near target
32
parasympathetic cell bodies are located in
- brainstem - cranial nerve nuclei
| - sacral spinal cord - intermediolateral nucleus
33
axons in parasympathetic ANS leave brainstem from cell bodies and form
- form parts of cranial nerves
34
axons in parasympathetic ANS leave sacral spinal cord from cell bodies and leave
- leave through ventral roots
35
parasympathetic ANS preganglionic axons synapse
- synapse at ganglia
36
parasympathetic ANS postganglionic axons synapse
- synapse on target organs
37
sympathetic effect on pupil
- dilates pupil
38
sympathetic effect on lungs
- relaxes airway
39
sympathetic effect on blood vessel
- constricts blood vessel
40
sympathetic effect on heart
- accelerates heartbeat
41
sympathetic effect on sweat production
- stimulates sweat production
42
sympathetic effect on small intestine
- inhibits secretion
43
sympathetic effect on adrenal medulla
- stimulates secretion of NE and EPI
44
sympathetic effect on GU system
- inhibits voiding
- stimulates orgasm
- stimulates ejaculation
45
sympathetic division preganglionic cell bodies located
- thoraco-lumbar
| - thoracic & upper lumbar
46
cell bodies of sympathetic division located in
- intermediolaterial column
47
axons of sympathetic division exit via
- ventral roots
48
sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on
- sympathetic chain ganglia
- prevertebral ganglion neurons
- adrenal medulla chromaffin cells
49
sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on sympathetic chain ganglia at what level?
- same level
- higher
- lower
50
how do sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on the prevertebral ganglion neurons?
- pass through paravertebral sympathetic trunk
51
size of preganglionic axons of sympathetic division
- preganglionic axons are shorter
52
size of postganglionic axons of sympathetic division
- postganglionic axons are longer
53
postganglionic cell bodies adjacent to each thoracic and upper lumbar segment and the cervical and sacral segments are called
pairing of these
- paravertebral ganglia
| - paired on either side of the spinal cord
54
ganglia in front of the vertebral column are called
- pairing of these
- prevertebral ganglia
- collateral ganglia
- preaortic ganglia
- most are not paired
55
sympathetic chain/sympathetic trunk includes
- ganglia adjacent to thoracic and upper lumbar segment, and cervical and sacral segments
- ganglia in front of the vertebral column
56
sympathetic chain ganglia are located
- on either side of the vertebral column
57
cervical ganglia division
- superior
- middle
- inferior
58
prevertebral ganglia division
- celiac
- superior mesenteric
- inferior mesenteric
59
sympathetic division called
- sympatho-adrenal
60
sympathetic preganglionic neuron located
- thoracic spinal cord
61
adrenal medulla in sympathetic division has control over
- sympathetic control over endocrine function
| - release EPI and NE into general circulation
62
sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse on
- chromaffin cells
63
all preganglionic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) neurons release ____ at their synapse on postganglionic neurons
on what kind of receptor
- acetylcholine
| - nicotinic
64
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ______ at their synapses on effector tissues
on what kind of receptor
- acetylcholine
| - muscarinic (M2 and M2)
65
sympathetic postganglionic neurons generally release ______ at their synapses on effector tissues
what kind of receptor
- norepinephrine
| - adrenergic (alpha 1 and 2, beta 1 and 2)
66
M2 receptors used for
- SA/AV node cell and cardiac muscle
67
alpha 1 receptors located on
- used for
- peripheral blood vessels
| - vasoconstriction
68
beta 1 receptors located on
- used for
- SA/AV node cells and cardiac muscle
| - increase heart rate
69
amount of beta 1 versus beta 2 receptors on cardiomyocytes
result
- much more beta 1 than beta 2
| - increases contractility
70
use of beta 2 receptors
- bronchodilation and vasodilation
71
most of the effects of the alpha 2 receptors results from
- its location on the presynaptic neuron terminal
72
presynaptic role of alpha 2
- mechanism
- inhibits release of NE from presynaptic neuron so blocks sympathetic signals
- NE feedbacks to alpha 2 receptor and inhibits calcium channel opening
- inhibiting calcium channel opening stops NE release
73
postsynaptic role of alpha 2
- induces smooth muscle contraction
74
sympathetic post synaptic neuron releases NE on which receptors
- alpha 1
- alpha 2
- beta 1
75
sympathetic post synaptic neurons releases Epi on which receptors
- alpha 1,2
| - beta 1,2
76
sympathetic neurons synapsing on renal vasculature and smooth muscle release what neurotransmitter?
on what receptor
- dopamine
| - D1
77
sweat glands are part of what pathway
- innervated by
- sympathetic pathway
| - innervated by cholinergic fibers
78
does the parasympathetic division innervate blood vessels or structures in the skin?
- no
79
mass discharge of parasympathetic division
- no mass discharge
80
control by parasympathetic division
- very discrete control of individual effectors
| - each organ can be regulated separately
81
mass discharge of sympathetic division
- capable of mass discharge
| - activation of multiple organ systems are once
82
sympathetic control of skin and digestive tract
- inhibits blood flow to skin
| - inhibits digestive tract activity
83
things only controlled by the sympathetic system
- sweat glands
- pilomotor muscles of skin
- arterioles
- veins
84
epocrine sweat glands located
- all over the body
85
epocrine sweat glands function
- thermoregulation
86
epocrine sweat glands post ganglionic neurons release
- binds to
- Ach
| - muscarinic receptor
87
appocrine sweat glands located
- armpits
- genitals
- perianal
88
appocrine sweat glands active when
- puberty onward
89
appocrine sweat glands receptors
- adrenergic receptors
90
how are appocrine sweat glands regulated?
- hormonally
| - EPI in the blood stream
91
parasympathetic muscles controlling micturition
- detrussor
- internal urethral sphincter
- external urethral sphincter
92
detrussor is what kind of muscle
- smooth muscle
93
internal urethras sphincter is what kind of muscle
- smooth muscle
94
external urethral sphincter muscle is what kind of muscle
- skeletal muscle
95
detrussor muscle under what kind of control
- does what
- parasympathetic
| - contracts
96
detrussor muscle innervation during filling
- inhibited
97
detrussor muscle innervation during micturition
- stimulated
98
internal urethral sphincter under what control
- does what
- sympathetic
| - contracts
99
internal urethral sphincter innervation during filling
- stimulated
100
internal urethral sphincter innervation during micturition
- inhibited
101
external urethral sphincter under what control
- does what?
- somatic motor
| - causes contraction
102
external urethral sphincter innervation during filling
- stimulated
103
external urethral sphincter innervation during micturition
- inhibited
104
sympathetic effect on skeletal muscle
- very little effect
105
reflex definition
- involuntary response to a stimulus
106
cerebral cortex involvement in reflex
- not directly involved
107
reflex arc can be
- neural
| - hormonal
108
reflex arc pathway
- afferent limb
- central integration enter
- efferent limb
- effector
- functional changes
109
afferent limb
- sensory limb
110
efferent limb
- output
111
functional changes provide
- negative feedback
112
baroreceptor reflex
- helps maintain blood pressure and volume
