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Cardio Exam 1 > Anterior Thoracic Wall Anatomy > Flashcards

Anterior Thoracic Wall Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

thoracic skeleton consists of

A
  • sternum
  • 12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages
  • 12 thoracic vertebra and associated intervertebral discs
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2
Q

intervertebral discs are located between

A
  • vertebrae
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3
Q

sternum composed of

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
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4
Q

sternal angle

also called

A
  • angle of Louis

- articulation between manubrium and the body

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5
Q

rib connected to sternum by

A
  • costal cartilage
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6
Q

sternal angle marks articulation site for

A
  • 2nd rib and costal cartilage
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7
Q

sternal angle directly opposite of

A
  • T4/T5 vertebrae
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8
Q

jugular notch

A
  • concave notch along superior border of manubrium
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9
Q

superior thoracic aperture

A
  • doorway between thoracic cavity and neck
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10
Q

clinicians refer to superior thoracic aperture as

A
  • thoracic outlut
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11
Q

inferior thoracic aperture closed by

separates

A
  • diaphragm

- separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

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12
Q

vertebra consists of

A
  • vertebral body
  • vertebral arch
  • processes
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13
Q

vertebral body used for

A
  • weight bearing
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14
Q

vertebral arch consists of

A
  • pedicles

- laminae

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15
Q

vertebral arch used for

A
  • protection of spinal cord
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16
Q

shape of vertebral bodies

A
  • heart shaped
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17
Q

facets of vertebral bodies

A
  • 2 costal facets
  • superior and inferior
  • on each side of body for articulation with head of the rib
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18
Q

transverse processes are

A
  • long and slender
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19
Q

transverse processes have a

A
  • transverse costal facet
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20
Q

transverse costal facet articulates with

A
  • tubercle of a rib
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21
Q

spinous processes

A
  • long and slant inferiorly
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22
Q

articular processes and associated facets articular with

A
  • adjacent vertebrae
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23
Q

three types of ribs

A
  • vertebrocostal
  • vertebrochrondal
  • vertebral
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24
Q

vertebrocostal articulates with

A
  • sternum via own costal cartilage
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25
Q

vertebrocostal ribs

A
  • true

- 1-7

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26
Q

vertebrochondral ribs

A
  • false

- 8-10

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27
Q

vertebrochondral articulates with

A
  • indirect articulation with sternum via costal cartilage of superior rib
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28
Q

vertebral ribs

A
  • floating

- 11-12

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29
Q

vertebral ribs articulates with

A
  • DO NOT articulate with sternum

- end in posterior abdominal wall

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30
Q

facets of rib head

A
  • superior and inferior

- articulate with bodies of two vertebrae

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31
Q

what is located between two facets of rib

A
  • crest
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32
Q

neck of rib

A
  • slightly constricted area just distal to head
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33
Q

tubercle of rib located at

A
  • junction of neck and shaft
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34
Q

tubercle of rib has a

A
  • facet for articulation with corresponding transverse process of vertebra
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35
Q

shaft

A
  • thin, flat, curved
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36
Q

shaft has a

A
  • costal angle where rib turns anterolateral

- costal groove inferiorly for neurovascular structures

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37
Q

head of typical ribs articulates with

A
  • two vertebrae

- body of numerically corresponding vertebra and also body of vertebra superior to it

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38
Q

tubercle of typical rib articulates with

A
  • numerically corresponding transverse process
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39
Q

joints of thoracic skeleton

A
  • costochondral
  • sternocostal
  • costovertebral
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40
Q

costochondral joints

A
  • cartilaginous joints between rib and costal cartilage
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41
Q

sternocostal joints

A
  • synovial joints between costal cartilage and sternum
42
Q

costovertebral joints

A
  • synovial joints between ribs and vertebral column
43
Q

left auricle is located near which part of thoracic skeleton

A
  • left part of 3rd intercostal space
44
Q

SVC is located near which part of thoracic skeleton

A
  • right 2nd and 3rd intercostal space
45
Q

weakest part of ribs is

A
  • anterior to angle
46
Q

which ribs are the most commonly fractured by crushing injuries or by direct trauma to the chest

A
  • middle ribs
47
Q

rib fracture complications

A
  • pneumothorax
  • injury to abdominal organs
  • bleeding
48
Q

why are fractures very pain

A
  • bone fragments move with respirations
49
Q

two heads of origin of pectorals major

A
  • clavicular

- sternocostal

50
Q

pectoralis major inserts into

A
  • the humerus
51
Q

pectoralis major innervated by

A
  • medial and lateral pectoral nerves
52
Q

pectoralis minor originates from

A
  • anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs
53
Q

pectoralis minor inserts into

A
  • coracoid process of scapula
54
Q

pectoralis minor job

A
  • stabilizes scapula against thoracic wall
55
Q

pectoralis minor innervated by

A
  • medial pectoral nerve
56
Q

serratus anterior muscle originates

A
  • surface of 1st-8th ribs
57
Q

serratus anterior inserts into

A
  • medial border of scapula
58
Q

serratus anterior stabilizes

A
  • nad protracts scapula
59
Q

serratus anterior innervated by

A
  • long thoracic nerve
60
Q

serratus anterior innervated by

A
  • long thoracic nerve
61
Q

intrinsic muscles of the thorax

A
  • external intercostals
  • internal intercostals
  • innermost intercostals
62
Q

intrinsic muscles of the thorax innervated by

A
  • intercostal nerves
63
Q

order of neuromuscular structures within the costal groove

A
  • intercostal vein
  • intercostal artery
  • intercostal nerve
64
Q

intercostal nerve blocks

A
  • local anesthetic infiltrated around one or several intercostal nerves to provide anesthesia to the thoracic wall
65
Q

intercostal nerve block used for

A
  • reducing pain associated with fractured ribs or to reduce pain associated with bone cancer within rib cage
66
Q

how many intercostal msucles

A
  • 11

- one in each intercostal space

67
Q

external intercostal muscles go

A
  • down and in

- visualized more laterally

68
Q

internal intercostal muscles go

A
  • down and out

- visualized more medially

69
Q

intercostal muscles are accessory muscles of

A
  • respiration
70
Q

innermost intercostals are located on

A
  • inside of thoracic wall
71
Q

neurovascular plane is located between

A
  • internal and intercostal muscle layer

- AND innermost intercostal layer

72
Q

where do the intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins traverse?

A
  • neurovascular plane
73
Q

transversus thoracis muscle located

A
  • inside the thoracic wall just deep to the sternum
74
Q

intercostal arteries arise from which two major arteries

A
  • thoracic (descending) aorta

- internal thoracic arteries

75
Q

internal thoracic arteries are branches of

A
  • subclavian arteries
76
Q

posterior intercostal arteries arise from

A
  • aorta
77
Q

posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with the

A
  • anterior intercostals
78
Q

internal thoracic arteries divide into

A
  • musculophrenic (lateral)

- superior epigastric (medial)

79
Q

internal thoracic artery also known as

A
  • internal mammary artery
80
Q

what vein is used during a CABG

A
  • great saphenous vein from leg connected to aorta and also connected distal to occlusion/blockage of coronary artery
81
Q

primary choice for heart surgeon for CABG

A
  • internal thoracic artery

- distal portion sutured to coronary artery downstream of occlusion/obstruction

82
Q

intercostal veins drain into

A
  • azygos system of veins

- internal thoracic veins

83
Q

each intercostal nerve courses in the

A
  • costal groove innervating the anterior and lateral body wall and intrinsic thoracic wall muscles
84
Q

how many intercostal nerves

A
  • 12
85
Q

intercostal nerves are branches of

A
  • thoracic spinal nerves
86
Q

intercostal nerve is also known as

A
  • ventral rams of thoracic spinal nerve
87
Q

thoracic cavity divided into how many compartments

A
  • 3
88
Q

two lateral compartments contain

A
  • lungs and plurae (serous membranes surrounding the lungs)
89
Q

central compartment contains the

A

-mediastnum - contains many major thoracic structures

90
Q

mediastinum subdivided into

A
  • superior and inferior mediastinum
91
Q

division between superior and inferior mediastinum called

A
  • thoracic plane
92
Q

thoracic plane

A
  • imaginary line drawn from sternal angle to T4/T5 vertebral column level
93
Q

inferior mediastinum subdivided into

A
  • anterior
  • middle
  • posterior
94
Q

anterior mediastinum located

A
  • just beneath the sternum
95
Q

what occupies much of the anterior mediastinum

A
  • the thymus gland
96
Q

middle mediastinum contains

A
  • pericardium
  • heart
  • roots of great vessels
97
Q

posterior mediastinum contains

A
  • esophagus
  • descending aorta
  • azygos veins
  • thoracic duct
  • autonomic nerves
98
Q

what part of the heart is located at the right 4th intercostal

A
  • right atrium
99
Q

what part of the heart is located in the left fourth intercostal space immediately lateral to the sternal border

A
  • right ventricle
100
Q

what part of the heart is located in the left 5th intercostal space 3 inches lateral to the sternum

A
  • left ventricle
101
Q

what is located just anterior to the mid esophagus

A
  • left atrium

Cardio Exam 1 (25 decks)

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