Anterior Thoracic Wall Anatomy Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
thoracic skeleton consists of
A
- sternum
- 12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages
- 12 thoracic vertebra and associated intervertebral discs
2
Q
intervertebral discs are located between
A
- vertebrae
3
Q
sternum composed of
A
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process
4
Q
sternal angle
also called
A
- angle of Louis
- articulation between manubrium and the body
5
Q
rib connected to sternum by
A
- costal cartilage
6
Q
sternal angle marks articulation site for
A
- 2nd rib and costal cartilage
7
Q
sternal angle directly opposite of
A
- T4/T5 vertebrae
8
Q
jugular notch
A
- concave notch along superior border of manubrium
9
Q
superior thoracic aperture
A
- doorway between thoracic cavity and neck
10
Q
clinicians refer to superior thoracic aperture as
A
- thoracic outlut
11
Q
inferior thoracic aperture closed by
separates
A
- diaphragm
- separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
12
Q
vertebra consists of
A
- vertebral body
- vertebral arch
- processes
13
Q
vertebral body used for
A
- weight bearing
14
Q
vertebral arch consists of
A
- pedicles
- laminae
15
Q
vertebral arch used for
A
- protection of spinal cord
16
Q
shape of vertebral bodies
A
- heart shaped
17
Q
facets of vertebral bodies
A
- 2 costal facets
- superior and inferior
- on each side of body for articulation with head of the rib
18
Q
transverse processes are
A
- long and slender
19
Q
transverse processes have a
A
- transverse costal facet
20
Q
transverse costal facet articulates with
A
- tubercle of a rib
21
Q
spinous processes
A
- long and slant inferiorly
22
Q
articular processes and associated facets articular with
A
- adjacent vertebrae
23
Q
three types of ribs
A
- vertebrocostal
- vertebrochrondal
- vertebral
24
Q
vertebrocostal articulates with
A
- sternum via own costal cartilage
25
vertebrocostal ribs
- true
| - 1-7
26
vertebrochondral ribs
- false
| - 8-10
27
vertebrochondral articulates with
- indirect articulation with sternum via costal cartilage of superior rib
28
vertebral ribs
- floating
| - 11-12
29
vertebral ribs articulates with
- DO NOT articulate with sternum
| - end in posterior abdominal wall
30
facets of rib head
- superior and inferior
| - articulate with bodies of two vertebrae
31
what is located between two facets of rib
- crest
32
neck of rib
- slightly constricted area just distal to head
33
tubercle of rib located at
- junction of neck and shaft
34
tubercle of rib has a
- facet for articulation with corresponding transverse process of vertebra
35
shaft
- thin, flat, curved
36
shaft has a
- costal angle where rib turns anterolateral
| - costal groove inferiorly for neurovascular structures
37
head of typical ribs articulates with
- two vertebrae
| - body of numerically corresponding vertebra and also body of vertebra superior to it
38
tubercle of typical rib articulates with
- numerically corresponding transverse process
39
joints of thoracic skeleton
- costochondral
- sternocostal
- costovertebral
40
costochondral joints
- cartilaginous joints between rib and costal cartilage
41
sternocostal joints
- synovial joints between costal cartilage and sternum
42
costovertebral joints
- synovial joints between ribs and vertebral column
43
left auricle is located near which part of thoracic skeleton
- left part of 3rd intercostal space
44
SVC is located near which part of thoracic skeleton
- right 2nd and 3rd intercostal space
45
weakest part of ribs is
- anterior to angle
46
which ribs are the most commonly fractured by crushing injuries or by direct trauma to the chest
- middle ribs
47
rib fracture complications
- pneumothorax
- injury to abdominal organs
- bleeding
48
why are fractures very pain
- bone fragments move with respirations
49
two heads of origin of pectorals major
- clavicular
| - sternocostal
50
pectoralis major inserts into
- the humerus
51
pectoralis major innervated by
- medial and lateral pectoral nerves
52
pectoralis minor originates from
- anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs
53
pectoralis minor inserts into
- coracoid process of scapula
54
pectoralis minor job
- stabilizes scapula against thoracic wall
55
pectoralis minor innervated by
- medial pectoral nerve
56
serratus anterior muscle originates
- surface of 1st-8th ribs
57
serratus anterior inserts into
- medial border of scapula
58
serratus anterior stabilizes
- nad protracts scapula
59
serratus anterior innervated by
- long thoracic nerve
60
serratus anterior innervated by
- long thoracic nerve
61
intrinsic muscles of the thorax
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals
- innermost intercostals
62
intrinsic muscles of the thorax innervated by
- intercostal nerves
63
order of neuromuscular structures within the costal groove
- intercostal vein
- intercostal artery
- intercostal nerve
64
intercostal nerve blocks
- local anesthetic infiltrated around one or several intercostal nerves to provide anesthesia to the thoracic wall
65
intercostal nerve block used for
- reducing pain associated with fractured ribs or to reduce pain associated with bone cancer within rib cage
66
how many intercostal msucles
- 11
| - one in each intercostal space
67
external intercostal muscles go
- down and in
| - visualized more laterally
68
internal intercostal muscles go
- down and out
| - visualized more medially
69
intercostal muscles are accessory muscles of
- respiration
70
innermost intercostals are located on
- inside of thoracic wall
71
neurovascular plane is located between
- internal and intercostal muscle layer
| - AND innermost intercostal layer
72
where do the intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins traverse?
- neurovascular plane
73
transversus thoracis muscle located
- inside the thoracic wall just deep to the sternum
74
intercostal arteries arise from which two major arteries
- thoracic (descending) aorta
| - internal thoracic arteries
75
internal thoracic arteries are branches of
- subclavian arteries
76
posterior intercostal arteries arise from
- aorta
77
posterior intercostal arteries anastomose with the
- anterior intercostals
78
internal thoracic arteries divide into
- musculophrenic (lateral)
| - superior epigastric (medial)
79
internal thoracic artery also known as
- internal mammary artery
80
what vein is used during a CABG
- great saphenous vein from leg connected to aorta and also connected distal to occlusion/blockage of coronary artery
81
primary choice for heart surgeon for CABG
- internal thoracic artery
| - distal portion sutured to coronary artery downstream of occlusion/obstruction
82
intercostal veins drain into
- azygos system of veins
| - internal thoracic veins
83
each intercostal nerve courses in the
- costal groove innervating the anterior and lateral body wall and intrinsic thoracic wall muscles
84
how many intercostal nerves
- 12
85
intercostal nerves are branches of
- thoracic spinal nerves
86
intercostal nerve is also known as
- ventral rams of thoracic spinal nerve
87
thoracic cavity divided into how many compartments
- 3
88
two lateral compartments contain
- lungs and plurae (serous membranes surrounding the lungs)
89
central compartment contains the
-mediastnum - contains many major thoracic structures
90
mediastinum subdivided into
- superior and inferior mediastinum
91
division between superior and inferior mediastinum called
- thoracic plane
92
thoracic plane
- imaginary line drawn from sternal angle to T4/T5 vertebral column level
93
inferior mediastinum subdivided into
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
94
anterior mediastinum located
- just beneath the sternum
95
what occupies much of the anterior mediastinum
- the thymus gland
96
middle mediastinum contains
- pericardium
- heart
- roots of great vessels
97
posterior mediastinum contains
- esophagus
- descending aorta
- azygos veins
- thoracic duct
- autonomic nerves
98
what part of the heart is located at the right 4th intercostal
- right atrium
99
what part of the heart is located in the left fourth intercostal space immediately lateral to the sternal border
- right ventricle
100
what part of the heart is located in the left 5th intercostal space 3 inches lateral to the sternum
- left ventricle
101
what is located just anterior to the mid esophagus
- left atrium
