Heart Anatomy

Question 1

pericardium encloses

Answer 1

• heart and roots of great vessels

Question 2

external sac of pericardium

Answer 2

• fibrous pericardium

Question 3

internal sac of pericardium

Answer 3

• serous pericardium

Question 4

fibrous pericardium composed of

Answer 4

• tough connective tissue

Question 5

fibrous pericardium continuous with

Answer 5

• adventitia of great vessels

Question 6

fibrous pericardium attached to

Answer 6

• central tendon of diaphragm as well as sternum

Question 7

fibrous pericardium supplied by

Answer 7

• internal thoracic (pericardiacophrenic and muscuophrenic) and inferior phrenic arteries
• as well as aorta

Question 8

pain in fibrous pericardium conveyed by

Answer 8

• general sensory fibers of phrenic nerve

Question 9

parietal layer of serous pericardium lines

Answer 9

• inner surface of fibrous pericardium

Question 10

visceral layer of pericardium called

Answer 10

• epicardium

Question 11

visceral layer of pericardium adheres

Answer 11

• adheres to heart and forms outer covering

Question 12

the parietal and serous layers are continuous with

Answer 12

• one another around the large arteries and around the large veins

Question 13

coronary sulcus

Answer 13

• atrioventricular sulcus

- encircles heart dividing atria from ventricles

Question 14

anterior and posterior inter ventricular sulci

Answer 14

• separate two ventricles

Question 15

right border of the heart

Answer 15

• right atrium

Question 16

left border of the heart

Answer 16

• left auricle

- left ventricle

Question 17

anterior surface of heart

Answer 17

• right ventricle

Question 18

posterior surface of heart

Answer 18

• left atrium

- in the back and out of view

Question 19

transverse pericardial sinus separates

Answer 19

• arteries from veins

Question 20

oblique pericardial sinus formed by

Answer 20

• reflection into pulmonary arteries of the heart

Question 21

right coronary artery divided into

Answer 21

• branch to SA node - superior
• marginal branch
• PDA - posterior descending artery - posterior surface

Question 22

left coronary artery divided into

Answer 22

• LAD - left anterior descending
• circumflex branch - bends around back of heart
• marginal branch

Question 23

what percent of people have a right dominant coronary circulation

where does PDA arise from

Answer 23

• 85% of people

- Right coronary artery

Question 24

what percent of people have a left-dominant coronary circulation

• where does PDA arise from

Answer 24

• 8% of people

- left circumflex

Question 25

what percent of people have a codominant circulation? - where does PDA arise from

Answer 25

- 7% of people | - left circumflex and right coronary artery

Question 26

left ventricle compared to right ventricle

Answer 26

- thicker wall

Question 27

tricuspid valve found between

Answer 27

- right atrium and right ventricle

Question 28

cusps of tricuspid valve

Answer 28

- anterior - septal - posterior

Question 29

pulmonary valve found between

Answer 29

- right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 30

mitral valve found between

Answer 30

- left atrium and left ventricle

Question 31

cusps of mitral valve

Answer 31

- anterior | - posterior

Question 32

aortic valve found between

Answer 32

- left ventricle | - aorta

Question 33

lub sound

Answer 33

- first sound (S1) - systole - from mitral and tricuspid

Question 34

the dub sound

Answer 34

- second sound (s2) - diastole - closing of two semilunar valves

Question 35

pulmonary valve heard

Answer 35

- left 2nd intercostal space lateral to sternum

Question 36

tricuspid valve heard

Answer 36

- lower part of sternum

Question 37

aortic valve heard

Answer 37

- right intercostal space lateral to sternum

Question 38

mitral valve heard

Answer 38

- left 5th intercostal space away from sternum

Question 39

which node is the pacemaker

Answer 39

- SA node

Question 40

heart rate of modified by the

Answer 40

- autonomic nervous system

Question 41

cardiac plexus is a collection of

Answer 41

- sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Question 42

cardiac plexus located at

Answer 42

- bifurcation of trachea just superior to heart

Question 43

cardiac plexus modifies

Answer 43

- heart rate - force of contraction - cardiac output

Question 44

what fibers raise/lower heart rate and force of contraction

Answer 44

- visceral motor fibers

Question 45

what fibers convey cardiac pain signal what do they parallel

Answer 45

- visceral sensory fibers | - parallel sympathetic visceral motor fibers

Question 46

what fibers transmit cardiac reflexes what do they parallel

Answer 46

- visceral sensory | - parallel parasympathetic visceral motor fibers