Antiarrhythmic Drugs - Quiz 2 Flashcards
(63 cards)
1
Q
atrial arrhythmias are treated to protect the ventricles using
A
- AV blocking drugs “nodal agents”
2
Q
example of dihydropyridines
A
- Amlodipine - Nifedipine
3
Q
Class 1C ion blockers
A
- strong Na+ blockers
4
Q
Class 1A ion blockers
A
- moderate Na+ block
- K+ block
5
Q
which drug classes increase the length of the action potential duration
A
- Class 1A - Class 3
6
Q
examples of non-dihydropyridines
A
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem
7
Q
what drug classes slow the recovery of Na+ channels during depolarization
A
- Class 1A/B/C Na+ channel blockers
- adenosine
8
Q
ways to treat structural defects creating reentry circuits
A
- increase refractory period
- decrease conduction velocity
9
Q
use of class 1C drugs
A
- proarrhythmic
- should not be used in patients with structural abnormalities
10
Q
class 1A toxicities
A
- prolonged AP - prolonged QT - Torsade
11
Q
another name for abnormal automaticity of ectopic foci
A
- premature beats
12
Q
another name for abnormal automaticity of pacemaker cells
A
- altered rate
13
Q
how you increase action potential duration
A
- block K+ channels
14
Q
how do Class 4 drugs slow conduction through the AV node?
A
- slow Ca2+ influx
15
Q
abnormal conduction due to
A
- reentry rhythms
- AV blocks
16
Q
which drug classes increase the length of the AP
A
- Class 1A: Na+ channel blockers (K+ blockers)
- Class 3: K+ channel blockers
17
Q
how does adenosine increase the refractory period, but not the action potential duration?
A
- slows Ca2+ influx
18
Q
drugs that slow SA/AV node depolarization
A
- class 4: Ca2+ channel blockers
19
Q
example of a condition where a patient has structural abnormalities
A
- post MI
20
Q
Class 1C examples
A
- flecainide - propafenone FRIES AND PEPSI
21
Q
which drug classes are AV blocking drugs “nodal agents”
A
- Class 2: beta antagonists
- Class 4: Ca2+ channel blockers - Adenosine
22
Q
drugs that increase threshold potential
A
- Class 1: Na+ channel blockers
23
Q
half life of adenosine
A
- less than 30 seconds
24
Q
drugs that increase action potential duration
A
- class 3: K+ channel blocks
- class 1A: Na+ channel blockers (K+ blockers)
25
Class III drug examples
- amiodarone - dronedarone - dofetilide - sotalol 3 DADS - AS IF MY DADDY ISSUES AREN'T PERMEATING MEDICAL SCHOOL ENOUGH
26
drugs that increase maximum diastolic potential
- adenosine
27
selectivity of Class 1 Na+ channel blockers
- selective for rapidly depolarizing tissues
28
action potentials in SA/AV nodes versus action potentials in other cardiac myocytes?
- electrophysiologically different
29
five ways to decrease automaticity
- increase threshold potential (depolarization threshold)
- decrease phase 4 slope
- increase AP duration
- slow SA/AV node depolarization
- increase maximum diastolic potential
30
Class 1B drug examples
- lidocaine - mexiletine LIGHT MAYO
31
Class 1A effect on repolarization
- prolonged repolarization
32
Class 1C effect on repolarization
- no change in repolarization
33
two types of Ca2+ channel blockers
- dihydropyridine
- non-dihydropyridine
34
importance of binding to Na+ channels in the open or inactive states
- renders them inactive
- to trigger an AP, you need a certain amount of channels open
35
ways to treat defects in automaticity
- decrease automaticity
36
repolarization in SA/AV node due to
- outflow of K+
37
reentry rhythms create problems with
- structural defects creating reentry circuits
38
what drug is not associated with Torsade?
- amiodarone
39
which drugs prolong the QT interval?
- class 1A
- Class 3
40
which Ca2+ channel blockers are anti-hypertensives?
- dihydropyridines
- non-dihydropyridines
41
beta blocker drug examples
- metoprolol - propranolol
42
how do we administer adenosine
- rapid I.V. bolus
43
abnormal formation due to
- abnormal automaticity of pacemaker cells
- abnormal automaticity of ectopic foci
44
Class III drug toxicities
- prolonged AP - prolonged QT - Torsade
45
adenosine pharmacokinetics issues
- super short half life
46
how does adenosine slow conduction through the AV node?
- increases maximum diastolic potential (makes it more negative)
47
how do Class II drugs slow conduction through the AV node?
- slow Na+ influx
- reduce phase 4 slope
48
Class 1B effect on repolarization
- shortened repolarization
49
how do Class 1A/B/C increase the refractory period but not the action potential duration
- slowing the reset of Na+ channels
- takes longer for enough resting channels to be available to initiate new action potentials
50
name for system where AAD are classified by their molecular mechanisms
- vaughn-williams classification
51
altered rate and premature beats are both defects in
- automaticity
52
drugs that decrease phase 4 slope
- Class 2: beta antagonists (beta blockers)
53
which Ca2+ channel blockers are anti-arrhytmics selective for
- non-dihydropyridines
- selective for cardiac tissue
54
how to AADs increase the refractory period of cardiac myocytes
- increase the length of the AP
- slow the recovery of Na+ channels during repolarization
55
depolarization in SA/AV node due to
- rapid influx of Ca2+
56
cause of arrhythmias
- abnormal formation
- abnormal conduction
57
class 1b ion blockers
- weak Na+ block
- K+ mechanism unclear
58
how Class II Beta antagonists decrease phase 4 slope
- compete for binding to beta 1 receptor with NE and E
- slows rate at which funny channels depolarize (allow Na+ in)
59
name for system where AAD are classified by the effects they produce
- task force 1991 classification - Sicilian Gambit
60
automatic slow phase 4 depolarization in SA/AV node due to
- slow influx of Na+
61
MOA of adenosine
- promotes K+ efflux
- increases diastolic membrane potential (makes more negative) in SA and AV nodes
62
Class 1A drug examples
- Quinidine - Procainamade - Disopyramide DOUBLE QUARTER POUNDER
63
MOA of Class 1 Na+ channel blockers
- slow the resetting of Na+ channels after an action potential
- bind to the open or inactive states
