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Cardio Exam 1 > Cardiac Imaging > Flashcards

Cardiac Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

when should a Chest CT (vascular protocol with IV contrast) be ordered

A
  • for diseases of the THORACIC aorta (e.g. aortic dissection)
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2
Q

uptake of tracer at rest

A
  • uniform uptake
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3
Q

for a boundary to show between structures on CXR

A
  • they must differ in density
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4
Q

CXR of myocardium, valves, and other intracardiac structures

A
  • have densities similar to blood
  • CXR won’t image internal cardiac structure
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5
Q

left border of CXR on frontal projection formed by

A
  • left ventricle
  • left atrial appendage
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6
Q

how do you calculate cardiothoracic ratio

A
  • compare width of heart to width of thoracic cavity

>50% is enlargerd heart

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7
Q

normal ejection fraction

A
  • 55-60%
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8
Q

posterior border of CXR on lateral projection

A
  • left atrium (superiorly)
  • left ventricle (inferiorly)
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9
Q

color flow doppler imaging useful for

A
  • assessing valvular abnormalities (e.g. regurgitation and stenosis)
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10
Q

cardiac silhouette

A
  • radiographs can depict dilatation of individual cardiac chambers
  • dilation takes time, not seen in acute processes
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11
Q

anterior border of CXR on lateral projection

A
  • right ventricle
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12
Q

An echo should be ordered for patients who present with

A
  • new heart failure
  • dyspnea of unclear etiology
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13
Q

an echo is the initial diagnostic study to evalulate

A
  • structure and function of heart
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14
Q

M mode cardiography based on

A
  • one-dimension analysis of the heart in motion
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15
Q

CT coronary angiography can define

A
  • coronary anatomy
  • identify severe coronary artery disease
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16
Q

CXR has high specificity for detection of

A
  • chamber enlargement
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17
Q

MRI should be ordered for

A
  • characterization of structures and function that is unclear by echocardiography
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18
Q

left sided pressures

A
  • aorta
  • left ventricle
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19
Q

what is used to measure pressures on the right side of the heart out into the pulmonary lungs?

A
  • right heart cardiac Catherization (swan-Ganz)
20
Q

color flow doppler imaging identifies

A
  • regions of turbulent flow
21
Q

uptake of tracer at stress

A
  • poor uptake after stress
22
Q

the extend of penetration of X rays through the body is inversely proportional to

A
  • tissue density
23
Q

which is the gold standard for exclusion of intracardiac thrombus (esp. left atrial appendage)

A
  • TEE
24
Q

CXR has low sensitivity for detection of

A
  • structural heart disease
25
Q

cardiac catheterization involves exposure to

A
  • radiation
  • constrast dye
26
Q

CXR should be ordered for patients presenting with

A
  • chest pain
  • dyspnea
27
Q

MRI is gold standard for

A
  • assessing cardiac structure and function
  • offer some characterization of myocardial tissue
28
Q

dense materials like bone on CXR

A
  • absorb more X rays
  • appear white (or radio-opaque)
29
Q

CXR is sensitive for detection of

A
  • pulmonary processes that result from cardiac disease
30
Q

right heart catheterization performed via to measure

A
  • Swan Ganz - venous route - to measure pressures on right side of the heart and into pulmonary artery (lungs)
31
Q

elevated PCWP indicates

A
  • left sided heart failure
32
Q

what is the gold standard test for evaluation of valvular structure and function?

A
  • echocardiography
33
Q

color flow doppler imaging depicts

A
  • blood flow direction and velocity
34
Q

pressures between RA and PCW (pulmonary capillary wedge)

A
  • are similar
35
Q

M mode cardiograph can measure

A
  • thickness of ventricular walls
  • volumes of cardiac chambers
36
Q

which access is lower risk

A
  • venous access lower risk than arterial access
37
Q

pulmonary artery (capillary) wedge pressure used to estimate

A
  • left ventricular diastolic pressure
38
Q

left heart catheterization performed via - to perform - but can also

A
  • performed via arterial route
  • to perform angiogram (shoot dye) into the coronary arteries
  • but can also look at pressure on left side of heart
39
Q

right sided pressures

A
  • right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery
40
Q

what must the cardiothoracic ratio be for it to be considered an enlarged heart

A
  • greater than 50%
41
Q

what its the gold standard test for defining coronary anatomy and detecting clinically significant coronary stenosis

A
  • coronary angiography
42
Q

what does nuclear imaging increase the sensitivity and specificity of

A
  • stress tests for detection of ischemia
43
Q

right border of CXR on frontal projection formed by

A
  • right atrium
44
Q

During the Apical 4 chamber view, where do you place the probe?

A
  • probe at PMI over apex of heart
45
Q

air filled tissues on CXR

A
  • absorb few X rays
  • appear black
46
Q

TEE how it works

A
  • patient is mildly sedated for outpatient procedure
  • echo probe is passed down esophagus and into stomach

Cardio Exam 1 (25 decks)

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