Antihistamine and Antitussives Flashcards
how do antihistamines work?
they block the effects of released histamine at H1 receptor sites
how do antihistamines act on small blood vessels?
they reduce dilation of blood vessels and reduce permeability of blood vessels
antihistamine effects on exocrine glands?
reduce salivary, lacrimal and bronchial secretions
what does the anticholinergic effects of some antihistamines produce?
a drying effect
which type of antihistamines have anticholinergic effects?
traditional antihistamines such as diphenhydramine
which antihistamines produce sedation?
traditional antihistamines such as diphenhydramine
what is the prototype for traditional antihistamines?
diphenhydramine
the adverse effects of traditional antihistamines are due to?
the anticholinergic activity
what are the benefits of non sedating/peripherally acting antihistamines?
fewer CNS side effects (no sedation) and longer duration of action
what is the prototype for non sedating/peripherally acting antihistamines?
loratadine
what should clients taking antihistamines avoid doing?
driving, operating heavy machinery, drinking alcohol or taking other CNS depressants
antitussives are used only for?
nonproductive coughs
how do opioids work to suppress cough?
they suppress the cough reflex by acting on the cough centre in the medulla
prototype for antitussives
codeine
antitussive that is a synthetic morphine like compound
dextromethorphan
