Diabetes Mellitus Drugs

Question 1

Type 1 DM is defined by?

Answer 1

lack of insulin production

Question 2

Type 2 DM is defined by?

Answer 2

insulin resistance

Question 3

what is the main diagnostic test for DM?

Answer 3

HbA1C

Question 4

What is the onset of rapid acting insulin?

Answer 4

10-15 mins

Question 5

When does the peak of action of rapid acting insulin occur?

Answer 5

60-90 mins

Question 6

what is the duration of action of rapid acting insulin?

Answer 6

3-5 hours

Question 7

what is the prototype of rapid acting insulins?

Answer 7

insulin lispro (humalog)

Question 8

Rapid acting insulins are taken…?

Answer 8

with each meal

Question 9

what is the onset of short acting insulin?

Answer 9

30-60 mins

Question 10

what is the peak of short acting insulin?

Answer 10

2-3 hours

Question 11

what is the duration of short acting insulin?

Answer 11

6-7 hours

Question 12

what is the prototype of short acting insulin?

Answer 12

regular insulin (Humulin R or Novalin R)

Question 13

what is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 13

1-3 hours

Question 14

what is the peak of intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 14

5-8 hours

Question 15

what is the duration of intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 15

10-18 hours

Question 16

what is the prototype of intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 16

NPH

Question 17

which type of insulin normally has a cloudy appearance?

Answer 17

NPH

Question 18

which type of insulin has no peak?

Answer 18

long acting (Insulin glargine)

Question 19

which types of insulin are given as basal therapy?

Answer 19

intermediate and long acting insulins

Question 20

what can happen if someone is given too much insulin?

Answer 20

hypoglycemia

Question 21

what is the main adverse effect of insulin?

Answer 21

hypoglycemia

Question 22

what are the early signs of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 22

irritable, headache, sweating, shaky and tremors, and pale

Question 23

what interaction can increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins?

Answer 23

beta blockers

Question 24

what can reduce the effect of insulin?

Answer 24

glucocorticoids

Question 25

insulin orders are always ?

Answer 25

double checked with another RN

Question 26

what do insulin secretagogues do?

Answer 26

they increase insulin production in type 2 DM. Make pancreas secrete more insulin.

Question 27

what is the prototype of insulin secretagogues (sulphonylureas)?

Answer 27

glyburide

Question 28

what is the prototype of Thiazolidinediones?

Answer 28

rosiglitadone

Question 29

whats the most common oral drug for DM?

Answer 29

metformin

Question 30

what does metformin do?

Answer 30

1. decreases hepatic glucose production

2. increases tissue sensitivity to insulin (increases uptake of glucose)

Question 31

what does metformin NOT do?

Answer 31

it does not increase insulin secretion from the pancreas and therefore will not cause hypoglycaemia.

Question 32

when should metformin be taken?

Answer 32

with meals to settle GI upset.

Question 33

how does glyburide work?

Answer 33

stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and improves sensitivity to insulin

Question 34

when is glyburide taken?

Answer 34

with breakfast

Question 35

what is the most common adverse effect of glyburide?

Answer 35

hypoglycaemia

Question 36

which drugs are referred to as Insulin sensitizing agents?

Answer 36

Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone)

Question 37

what is an example of a incretin memetic?

Answer 37

exenatide

Question 38

what is an example of a DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors?

Answer 38

sitagliptin