Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
What the body does to the drug
pharmacokinetics
How drug concentrations are affected by dosage and time
Pharmacokinetics
4 stages of pharmacokinetics:
- Absorption from site of administration
- Distribution within the body
- metabolism
- excretion
why is it important to understand the difference between routes and formulations for drug administration?
Because they can affect how quickly and how much drug enters the systemic circulation
Intensity of a response is directly related to?
its concentration at the site of action
Enteral administration
entry of a drug through the GI tract
Which route of administration has the greatest variability in absorption?
PO
Why is the first pass effect important?
it determines if the drug should be given PO or not. Some drugs would have no affect PO because the liver is a major site of metabolism
Does rectal administration have first pass effect?
no, fewer rectal veins enter the liver
SL administration has no first pass effect because?
there is direct entry into the systemic circulation
SC, IM, and IV administration have similar profiles to?
SL administration
Parenteral Administration
anywhere other than the GI tract
Absorption through the skin
transdermal
Transdermal absorption is not suitable for?
fat-insoluble drugs
a new graduate nurse preparing to administer medications knows that which of the following is required for a drug to move through the body?
The ability to cross membranes
The nurse is preparing to give a medication for pain. The label states that the drug is “lipid soluble.” How soon should the nurse expect to observe the effects of the drug?
Rapidly, because cell membranes are composed of lipids making lipid soluble drugs pass through them more easily
The nurse should provide which teaching point when administering an enteric-coated oral tablet to a patient?
“Swallow the hole tablet after double checking the dose”
For which reason should the nurse follow safe medication administration for intravenous (IV) medications?
IV administration is irreversible
The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous (IV) medication. What is the minimum injection time to reduce the risk of harm to the patient?
60 seconds, because all the blood in the body is circulated about once every minute. This allows the drug to be diluted in the largest volume of blood possible.
The nurse should instruct a patient complaining of pain to do what to reduce fluctuations in drug levels?
Take pain medication around the clock at specified intervals and doses
SC injection
drug is administered under skin, passes barrier for direct entry
In which route of administration is absorption by passed?
IV administration by passes absorption because the drug is injected in the vein and therefore does not need to be absorbed into the blood.
