CNS Depressants

Question 1

Do sedatives cause sleep?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

Sedative reduce?

Answer 2

nervousness, excitability and irritability

Question 3

do hypnotics cause sleep?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

a sedative can become a hypnotic if?

Answer 4

given in large enough doses

Question 5

barbiturates can be?

Answer 5

addictive and habit forming

Question 6

barbiturates indications?

Answer 6

• sedative-hypnotic
• anti epileptic
• anaesthesia

Question 7

what is an example of a short-acting barbiturate?

Answer 7

pentobarbital

Question 8

what is an example of a long-acting barbiturate?

Answer 8

phenobarbital

Question 9

what is important to note about the therapeutic index of barbiturates?

Answer 9

they have a narrow therapeutic index

Question 10

what is used in barbiturate OD?

Answer 10

activated charcoal

Question 11

Drug effects of barbiturates?

Answer 11

they are notorious enzyme inducers. They increase liver enzymes that metabolize many drugs.

Question 12

OD of barbiturates usually results in?

Answer 12

respiratory depression

Question 13

What are the most frequently prescribed sedative hypnotic?

Answer 13

benzodiazepines

Question 14

what is an intermediate acting benzodiazepine?

Answer 14

lorazepam

Question 15

what is a short-acting benzodiazepine?

Answer 15

Midazolam

Question 16

Benzodiazepines enhance?

Answer 16

the effect of GABA

Question 17

why are benzodiazepines better than barbiturates?

Answer 17

they do not suppress REM sleep as much, they do not increase the metabolism of other drugs and PO admin does not cause excessive respiratory depression.

Question 18

what is the main adverse effect of benzodiazepines?

Answer 18

drowsiness

Question 19

interactions of benzodiazepines?

Answer 19

all other CNS depressants

Question 20

Example of muscle relaxant?

Answer 20

dantrolene

Question 21

dantrolene (muscle relaxant) indications?

Answer 21

emergency treatment of malignant hyperthermia crisis and treatment of spasticity