Antiviral Agents

Question 1

what is the best response to a viral infection?

Answer 1

a competent immune system

Question 2

most common way antivirals work?

Answer 2

inhibiting their ability to replicate in a host cell

Question 3

antiretroviral drugs

Answer 3

used to treat retroviruses like HIV

Question 4

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 4

enzyme found in retrovirus that is used to transcribe RNA into DNA

Question 5

Integrase

Answer 5

Viral enzyme that allows viral DNA to integrate into the DNA of the host DNA

Question 6

Protease

Answer 6

transforms the HIV into a functional form and allows it to undergo final maturation

Question 7

Ziduvodine is a

Answer 7

reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Question 8

ziduvodine is an analog of:

Answer 8

thymidine

Question 9

mechanism of ziduvodine

Answer 9

blocks activity of reverse transcriptase, preventing production of new DNA from viral DNA

Question 10

ziduvodine is also called

Answer 10

AZT (azidothymidine)

Question 11

Ziduvodine can?

Answer 11

increase CD4 counts and decrease viral load

Question 12

adverse effects of ziduvodine

Answer 12

bone marrow suppression which causes anemia and neutropenia

Question 13

Ritonivir (Norvir) is a

Answer 13

protease inhibitor

Question 14

mechanism of Ritonivir (norvir)

Answer 14

inhibits protease which prevents viral replication and maturation of particles

Question 15

ritonavir (norvir) and Ziduvodine (AZT) are used to treat

Answer 15

HIV

Question 16

important thing to note about Ritonavir

Answer 16

there are many drug interactions!!!

Question 17

Use of oseltamivir

Answer 17

can shorten duration and severity or influenza A and B

Question 18

Mechanism of oseltamivir

Answer 18

inhibits the viral enzyme neuraminidase which is needed for viral replication. Viral particles are unable to bud off of host cell membrane

Question 19

When should treatment of Oseltamivir begin?

Answer 19

no longer than 2 days after symptom onset (ideally within 12 hours)

Question 20

acyclovir is a

Answer 20

DNA polymerase inhibitor

Question 21

Acyclovir is used to treat?

Answer 21

herpesvirus (chicken pox and shingles)

Question 22

mechanism of acyclovir?

Answer 22

stops viral DNA synthesis, acyclovir stops further strand growth by inhibiting DNA polymerase.

Question 23

Ganciclovir is used to treat

Answer 23

CMV

Question 24

Mechanism of ganciclovir

Answer 24

Supresses replication of viral DNA by inhibiting DNA polymerase and inserting itself into the growing polypeptide chain

Question 25

Adverse effect of ganiclovir?

Answer 25

bone marrow suppression

Question 26

Ribavirin is used to treat?

Answer 26

Respiratory Synctial Virus