Flashcards in Bacteria 2 Deck (80)
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31
What does invasive disease lead to?
Bacteremia
32
What is found on bacterial capsule that causes Sepsis or DIC?
LPS or PspC
33
Why do encapsulted bacteria and meningitis go to CSF?
No complement for opsonization
34
In sepsis what does LPS stimulate?
Toll Like Receptors to induce systemic cytokine secretion and endothelial cell activation
35
What is DIC?
Systemic coagulation caused by bacteria
36
What limits Gonococci's ability to cause DIC?
They have LOS instead of LPS
37
Most common caused of community acquired pneumonia ?
Strep pneumoniae
38
What special attachment does Strep pneumoniae have on its polysaccharide capsule?
PspC
39
What virulence factor of Strep Pneumoniae inhibits alternate complement pathway?
PspA
40
Who is the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for?
Children younger than 5 and adults with risk factors
41
Who is the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for?
Children two years or older
42
What is one of the main nutritional requirements for Neisseria?
Iron
43
Where is Neiserria found?
Not normal flora, exogenous
44
Incubation time N. meningitides?
Less than a week
45
What is N. meningitidis susceptible to?
Penicillin
46
What causes the petechial rash in N. meningitidis?
Microhemorrhages in capillaries
47
What is Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome?
Hemorrhage into adrenals
48
Are vaccinations effective for meningococcal disease?
Yes, doesn't cover group B though which is biggest in neonates
49
Why do N. meningitidis vaccines not work in neonates?
Neonates cannot respond to capsular antigen vaccine
50
How does N. Gonorrhea differ from N. Meningitidis?
Different capsule allows different behavior
51
Where does N. Gonorrhea attach?
Columnar and transitional epithelia mucous membranes of genital tract, rectum, and nasopharynx
52
N. Gonorrhea IgA protease allows for what?
Evasion of mucosal immunity
53
Why has it been difficult to make a vaccine for N. Gonorrhea?
Antigenic variability
54
What is a defining characteristic of H. influenza?
Unencapsulated mostly
55
What can make H. influenza dangerous?
Encapsulation and endotoxin
56
What is the window of vulnerability for invasive disease of Type B?
3 months to 3 years due to bad protective antibody response to type B capsular antigens
57
What is a good way to vaccinate toddlers and infants with Type B?
Conjugate capsule with protein
58
What causes Diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheria
59
What causes the membrane formation of Diphtheria?
Local epithelial necrosis which releases exotoxin A
60
