Flashcards in Bio 252 -Peripheral Vascular Disease Deck (18):
1
Peripheral vascular disease not in main arteries mostly in _______
periphery (arms & legs)
-may also be in veins or lymphatics
2
PVD largely involves ___ ONLY
arteries
3
PVD has changes similar to coronary arteries this means ________ deterioration over ______
gradual deterioration over decades
4
Claudication
-pain as a result of ischemia
5
embolus
non-normal component of blood (ex. air bubble, fat, clot) moving in blood
6
thrombus
stationary blood clot
7
2 forms of peripheral vascular disease
1) Acute Arterial Occlusion
2) Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease
8
Acute Arterial Occlusion
-acute interruption to perfusion d/t thrombus or embolus (blood clot)
9
Mnfts of Acute Arterial Occlusion
7 "ps"
-pistol shot (pain that occurs)
-pallor (pale colour) no blood perfusion to vessel
-pain (ischemic pain)
-pulselessness ex. absence of pedal pulse
-parathesia -odd feeling, tingling or numbing, abnormal sensation
-paralysis-ischemia can cause loss of fx
-polar (cold) -blood carries heat, distribute heat through blood, not receiving adequate blood flow, experience cold
10
Diagnosing Acute Arterial Occlusion
-Physical exam
-blood flow assessment
-Doppler ultrasound -helps to assess blood flow to vessels
11
Treatment of Acute Arterial Occlusion
-surgery
-thrombolytics (category of drug) --drug breaks down the clot, dissolves the clot
-anticoagulants (category of drug) --prevents future clots
12
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease
-in lower extremities (usually happens in legs)
-atherosclerosis takes long to develop (gradual development, takes years), But occlusion happens quite rapidly
-blood/lymph is not being carried away from tissue adequately causing an increase in waste & fluid accumulation which then causes ischemia and tissue damage
13
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease happens more frequently to
-Elderly (mnfts in 50,60,70, because degeneration of tissue change affects blood vessels)
In younger people with diabetes melliuts (complication of diabetes is vascular disease)
14
Compensation for atherosclerotic occlusive disease
-Vasodilation
-Anaerobic metabolism
-Collateralization (angiogenisis, formation of new vessels to tissue, around obstructed vessels had to happen before occlusion long term scenario, cannot form vessels in minutes)
15
Possible complications of anaerobic metabolism
Metabolic acidosis: lactic acid is a by product of anaerobic metabolism, build up of lactic acid causes metabolic acidosis because lactic acid is a fixed acid not a volatile
16
manifestations of Atherosclerotic occlusive disease
-intermittent claudication -- ischemic pain upon walking
-others develop later
17
Treatment of atherosclerotic occlusive disease
-symptomatic management
-decrease cardiovascular risks
18