Anemia Flashcards
(42 cards)
anemia is _______ blood disorder
most common
anemia is the deficiency of
RBCS and hemoglobin
deficiency of RBCs and hemoglobin due to
- problems with erythropoiesis
- increased/excessive loss of RBCS (bleeding)
- increased hemolysis: breakdown prior to usual time (aprox 120 days)
Patho of anemia
- abnormal number, structure or function of RBC
- decrease in oxygen carrying capacity
- hypoxia
what is the primary manifestation that underpins all other complications of anemia
Hypoxia
Iron deficiency anemia
- need iron to make hemoglobin
- inadequate intake or increased loss of iron
- iron binds to oxygen molecules for transport
- impaired hemoglobin synthesis
what are the manifestations of severe anemia
- chronic exhaustion
- excessive palpitations
- profound weakness & dizziness
- headache (brain will be hypoxic too)
- sensitivity to cold (no 02, not able to carry out anaerobic metabolism, not able to carry heat)
you need iron to make
hemoglobin
Treatment of iron deficient anemia
- treat underlying cause
- iron supplements, Fe p.o. for 4-6m
iron deficiency usually because not taking enough
dietary iron
test to find out if iron deficient
measure iron concentration (NOT A CBC)
Vitamin b12 & Folic acid deficiency
- responsible for DNA synthesis, invovled in cell division, DNA replication
- abnormal DNA synthesis & cell maturation – imparied RBC, WBC & platelets (cells will not mature)
Treatment of Vitamin b12 & folic acid deficiency
- vit B12 & folic acid (supplemental) (dietary deficiency)
- could have a deficiency in one or both
Pernicious anemia
- damaged gastric mucosa
- no intrinsic factor (intrinsic factor produced in mucosa of stomach)
- poor B12 absorption (RBC PRODUCTION IS IMPAIRED)
pernicious anemia is often in people who have had
gastric surgery
Treatment of pernicious anemia
- high dose of vit b12 p.o. (if high dose, some of b12 absorbed without intrinisic factor needed)
- IM b12 injection (only if neuro symptoms present) (IM does through without passing through stomach)
Aplastic anemia (no cell anemia)
- marrow (stem cell failure) – defects exists in marrow
- all blood cells affected
Aplastic anemia Treatment
- Transfusions
- immune suppression
- marrow transplant (get rid of everything in marrow, donor marrow complex severely compromised when eradicating)
Aplastic anemia is from
- 1/3 autoimmune, radiation, toxic chemicals
- 2/3 are idiopathic
Hemolytic anemia
- premature or excessive hemolysis (rupture or destruction of RBCS)
- accquired type (eg. autoimmunity, drugs) targeting erythrocytes
- genetic type (eg. in thalassemia)
Thanlassemia
genetic type of hemolytic anemia
-defective synthesis of hemoglobin putting together doesn’t happen normally
Manifestations of hemolytic anemia
same as general plus:
- Jaundice: excessive bilirubin-bilirubin gets in blood stream, liver can’t keep up to excrete
- Splenomegaly: spleen expands to meed demand of excretion, increase # of cells there also causes it to enlarge
- Hepatomegaly: demand, size and lots of material causes enarlged liver
Treatment of hemolytic anemia
- underlying cause
- 02 for nypoxia
- transfusion
- steroids (to halt hemolysis) (cant use long term, can cause damaging side effects)
- Renal function (precipitation in renal tubule d/t hemolysis)
- Spleenectomy (if too many rbcs being removed, some fxs can be taken over by liver -individual can fx without spleen, have to know hemolysis is happening in spleen)
Acute Hemorrhagic Anemia
rapid loss of blood (RBCS, hemoglobin, Fe) whole blood
-severity based on site, rate & volume lost
