Flashcards in Anemia Deck (42)
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1
anemia is _______ blood disorder
most common
2
anemia is the deficiency of
RBCS and hemoglobin
3
deficiency of RBCs and hemoglobin due to
-problems with erythropoiesis
-increased/excessive loss of RBCS (bleeding)
-increased hemolysis: breakdown prior to usual time (aprox 120 days)
4
Patho of anemia
-abnormal number, structure or function of RBC
-decrease in oxygen carrying capacity
-hypoxia
5
what is the primary manifestation that underpins all other complications of anemia
Hypoxia
6
Iron deficiency anemia
-need iron to make hemoglobin
-inadequate intake or increased loss of iron
-iron binds to oxygen molecules for transport
-impaired hemoglobin synthesis
7
what are the manifestations of severe anemia
-chronic exhaustion
-excessive palpitations
-profound weakness & dizziness
-headache (brain will be hypoxic too)
-sensitivity to cold (no 02, not able to carry out anaerobic metabolism, not able to carry heat)
8
you need iron to make
hemoglobin
9
Treatment of iron deficient anemia
-treat underlying cause
-iron supplements, Fe p.o. for 4-6m
10
iron deficiency usually because not taking enough
dietary iron
11
test to find out if iron deficient
measure iron concentration (NOT A CBC)
12
Vitamin b12 & Folic acid deficiency
-responsible for DNA synthesis, invovled in cell division, DNA replication
-abnormal DNA synthesis & cell maturation -- imparied RBC, WBC & platelets (cells will not mature)
13
Treatment of Vitamin b12 & folic acid deficiency
-vit B12 & folic acid (supplemental) (dietary deficiency)
-could have a deficiency in one or both
14
Pernicious anemia
-damaged gastric mucosa
-no intrinsic factor (intrinsic factor produced in mucosa of stomach)
-poor B12 absorption (RBC PRODUCTION IS IMPAIRED)
15
pernicious anemia is often in people who have had
gastric surgery
16
Treatment of pernicious anemia
-high dose of vit b12 p.o. (if high dose, some of b12 absorbed without intrinisic factor needed)
-IM b12 injection (only if neuro symptoms present) (IM does through without passing through stomach)
17
Aplastic anemia (no cell anemia)
-marrow (stem cell failure) -- defects exists in marrow
-all blood cells affected
18
Aplastic anemia Treatment
-Transfusions
-immune suppression
-marrow transplant (get rid of everything in marrow, donor marrow complex severely compromised when eradicating)
19
Aplastic anemia is from
-1/3 autoimmune, radiation, toxic chemicals
-2/3 are idiopathic
20
Hemolytic anemia
-premature or excessive hemolysis (rupture or destruction of RBCS)
-accquired type (eg. autoimmunity, drugs) targeting erythrocytes
-genetic type (eg. in thalassemia)
21
Thanlassemia
genetic type of hemolytic anemia
-defective synthesis of hemoglobin putting together doesn't happen normally
22
Manifestations of hemolytic anemia
same as general plus:
-Jaundice: excessive bilirubin-bilirubin gets in blood stream, liver can't keep up to excrete
-Splenomegaly: spleen expands to meed demand of excretion, increase # of cells there also causes it to enlarge
-Hepatomegaly: demand, size and lots of material causes enarlged liver
23
Treatment of hemolytic anemia
-underlying cause
-02 for nypoxia
-transfusion
-steroids (to halt hemolysis) (cant use long term, can cause damaging side effects)
-Renal function (precipitation in renal tubule d/t hemolysis)
-Spleenectomy (if too many rbcs being removed, some fxs can be taken over by liver -individual can fx without spleen, have to know hemolysis is happening in spleen)
24
Acute Hemorrhagic Anemia
rapid loss of blood (RBCS, hemoglobin, Fe) whole blood
-severity based on site, rate & volume lost
25
Chronic Hemorrhagic Anemia
gradual ongoing blood loss (less easily detected and persists for longer time
26
Major causes of chronic hemorrhagic anemia
-prolonged or heavy menses
-Bleeding peptic ulcers: bleeding happening in upper GI tract, occult blood will not know there is blood in stool)
-Cancerous lesions of GI tract
-hemorrhoids (frank blood)
27
Frank blood is
blood from hemorrhoids can see in the toilet bowl
28
Treatment of Hemorrhagic anemia
-eliminate cause
29
Sickle cell anemia is
genetic, homozygus recessive
30
