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Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 18 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Animals are:

4

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multicellular
  • Heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients by ingestion
  • Able to ingest then digest their food within their bodies
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2
Q

Animal cells lack the ____________________

A

cell walls that provide strong support in the bodies of plants and fungi.

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3
Q

Most animals are _________ but __________________

A

diploid, having haploid eggs and sperm.

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4
Q

Sea Stars reproduce ______________

A

sexually

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5
Q

What are the developmental stages of of a sea star (4)

A
  1. Sperm + egg
  2. Zygote
  3. Blastula
  4. Gastrula
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6
Q

How many layers does the gastrula have

A

4 layers

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7
Q

Animals are considered to have evolved from

A

colonial flagellated protists

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8
Q

Multiple protist cells are thought to _________________ _____________________________________

A

gradually become more specialized, developing distinct layers.

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9
Q

Major phyla of Animals are present in

A

old Cambrian rock, exhibiting tremendous animal diversity

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10
Q

This is known as the __________________, because life suddenly appeared or “exploded” as different forms

A

cambrian explosion

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11
Q

Many of the strange creatures seen in Cambrian fossil beds are now extinct, but

A

some life forms still exist today

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12
Q

To build a phylogeny of all animals, scientists compare a variety of data sets, including

A

comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology.

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13
Q

the evolution of a genetically related group of organisms as distinguished from the development of the individual organism

A

phylogeny of animals

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14
Q

There are______________key characteristics of animal development

A

four

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15
Q

What are the four key characteristics of animal developement:

A

(1) the development of true tissues (endoderm, mesoderm & ectoderm)
(2) the development of complex body symmetry
(3) The development of a true body cavity led to complex internal
(4) Among the more complex coelomate animals we can distinguish two main types coelom formation based on their embryonic development.

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16
Q

is a fluid-filled compartment that separates the outer body from the digestive tract.

A

body cavity

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17
Q

This cavity may be ________, partially present as a ______________ or complete as a _______________.

A

acoelmate, pseudocaelom, true coloem

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18
Q

In _____________, such as vertebrates and sea stars

A

deuterostomes

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19
Q

In deuterostomes:
the first embryonic infolding becomes the _______,
and
• the coelom develops from the gut

A

anus

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20
Q

In _______________
• the first embryonic infolding becomes the _______,
and
• the coelom develops from cell masses.

A

protostomes, mouth

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21
Q

Sponges ________________________, so they are thought to be a primitive animal

A

do not have true tissues

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22
Q

Sponges are (2)

A

sessile (attached to a substrate) and lack true tissues.

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23
Q

They have several autonomous cell types, such as ____________ ___________________

A

ameobocytes and choarocytes

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24
Q

Many sponges exhibit _________________, meaning that their parts are arranged around a central axis.

A

radial symmetry

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25
Flagellated _________________, filter food from the water passing through the porous body.
choarocytes
26
It is thought that choarocytes arose from multicellular ____________________, which still exist today
choanoflagellates
27
Once food is captured, Water ____________ flow distributes food to other cells
ameobocytes
28
are the simplest animals with true tissues.
Cnidarians
29
Cnidarians exist in either of two radial symmetrical forms.
They include jellyfish & sea anemones
30
Sessile __________, such as hydra, corals, sea anemones
polyps
31
medusas or ____________ are part of the phylum _________
jellyfish, cnidaria
32
________________________: incomplete digestive system, the food enters, and wastes exits through the same opening
gastrovascular cavity
33
Some Cnidarians have _________________, which are unique stinging cells that capture prey and aid in defense.
cnidocytes
34
are represented by soft-bodied animals, usually protected by a hard shell. They include Gastropods, Bivalves & Cephalopods
molluscs
35
Many molluscs feed by using a file-like organ called a __________ to scrape up food.
radula
36
The body of a mollusc has three main parts:
– A muscular foot – A visceral mass – A mantle,
37
Gastropods are the largest group of molluscs and include the _______________________.
snails and slugs
38
Gastropods are
– found in fresh water,saltwater,andterrestrial environments, – the only molluscs that live on land, using the mantle cavity as a lung, and – often protected by a single, spiral shell.
39
A muscular foot
used for movement
40
A visceral mass
housing most of the internal organs
41
A mantle,
which secretes the shell if present
42
Many gastropods are _______________________ and have long colorful projections that function as gills.
slugs that lack a mantle and shell
43
include clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops and
Bivalves
44
Bivalves have shells divided into
two halves that are hinged together.
45
Most bivalves are ___________________________
sedentary suspension feeders, attached to the substrate by strong threads.
46
include squids, octopuses, and nautiluses, | – are fast,agile predators,
Cephalopods:
47
Cephalopods:have large brains and sophisticated sense organs, including complex __________________,
image focusing eyes
48
Example of a Cephalopods:
Squid are fast, streamlined predators that use a muscular siphon for jet propulsion.
49
are the simplest bilateral animals.
flatworms
50
Flatworms:
They do not have a coelom, nor a complete digestive tract, food and waste goes out of only 1 opening – Most are free-living forms, called planariams
51
– These include tapeworms and liver flukes. – Human tapeworms can reach a length of 60 feet long
flatworms are parasitic.
52
Annelids are worms whose bodies are elongated by _____________________________.
repetitive body segments
53
There are three types of annelids.
- olgachaetes - polychaetes - leeches
54
are earthworms, which eat their way through soil.
oligachaetes
55
________________ are free- swimming or burrowing marine worms.
polychaetes
56
_________________ are blood- sucking parasites,
leeches
57
Roundworms exhibit a digestive tract, having two openings, _______ __________________.
a mouth and an anus
58
can process food and absorb nutrients more efficiently.
A complete digestive tract
59
Arthropods have specialized segments and an exoskeleton made of ____________.
chitin
60
There are four main groups of arthropods
- arachnids - crustaceans - millinedes - insects
61
include spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites.
arachnids
62
are crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps, and barnacles.
crustaceans
63
(two pairs of legs per segment) & centipeds (one pair).
millinedes
64
are the most diverse of any type of animal. 70% of all identified animal species are
instects
65
There may be as many as __________________ __________________.
30 million insect species
66
The body of an insect typically includes
``` • a head, • thorax, • abdomen, • three sets of legs, • wings (with few exceptions). ```
67
Most adult insects have a
3 part body
68
Most insects undergo______________________ where larva specialize in growth and development, then the non feeding pupa rebuilds its body, then is finally transformed into an adult insect.
complete metamorphasis
69
Metamorphosis prevents ________________ ________________ ________________
competion between youth and adults
70
Other insect species undergo _________________ _________________in which the transition from larva to adult is achieved through multiple molts without forming a pupa.
incomplete metamorphasis
71
__________________Many insects have protective color patterns and disguises, including modifications to
Protective color patterns:, (antennae, wings, bodies)
72
Marine organisms in this phylum are characterized by their ________________. They usually have an endoskeleton, and exhibit radial symmetry.
spinny skin
73
This group includes sea stars, sand dollars, sea | urchins, and sea cucumbers.
Phylum Echinodermata
74
Unique to echinoderms is their ___________________, which facilitates gas exchange, waste disposal and allows the use of suction-cup-like tube feet for locomotion.
water vasculor system
75
the Phylum Chordata can be further classified into 3 subphylum.
vertabrates, laceleta, tyricates
76
There are four defining characteristics of organisms in the Phylum Chordata.
- norsal hollow nerve cord - notachord - pharyngeal gill slites - post anal tails
77
use of a norsal nerve cord
spinal cord support
78
use pf notachord
support for fines and limbs
79
post anal ails used for
sometimes reduced

Biology 100 (23 decks)

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