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Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 5 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 5 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Energy is defined as

A

the capacity to do work

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2
Q

All organisms require _________ as a part of their _________ to stay alive

A

energy; metabolism

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3
Q

Energy is obtain either through __________ or ________________

A

photosynthesis; ingested food

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4
Q

Energy can be neither ___________ nor _____________

A

created; destroyed

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5
Q

Energy in motion is called

A

kinetic energy

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6
Q

an example of kinetic energy. The random movement of molecules.

A

Heat

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7
Q

Stored energy

A

potential energy

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8
Q

is an example of potential energy, food storage in chemical bonds of molecules

A

chemical energy

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9
Q

What does the first law of Thermodynamics say

A

“neither matter nor energy can be created or destroyed but it can be transferred and transformed.”

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10
Q

Glucose being broken down from one form to another is an example of

A

the first law of thermodynamics

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11
Q

What does the second law of thermodynamics say

A

“energy is not 100% efficient”

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12
Q

Energy has a tendancy to head toward a state of

A

more entropy

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13
Q

entropy is

A

disorder

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14
Q

Some energy is always lost as

A

heat

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15
Q

The following reaction is a reaction found in ________________ :
octane(gas) + O2-> CO2+H2O+ENERGY

A

automobiles

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16
Q

the energy conversion process in cells is called

A

cellular respiration

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17
Q

ATP is

A

adenosine triphosphate

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18
Q

ATP consists of

A

adenosine and three phosphate groups

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19
Q

ATP is broken down into

A

ADP

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20
Q

this is the chemical reaction for _________:

ATP-> ADP +energy

A

ATP broken down into ADP

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21
Q

ATP can energize other molecules by transferring

A

phosphate groups

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22
Q

The phosphate groups from ATP can be used in

A

chemical reactions, mechanical work, and transport

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23
Q

What is the phosphate transfer chemical reaction for the ATP’S USE OF ENERGY

A

ATP-> Energy+ADP+P

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24
Q

What is the phosphate transfer chemical reaction for ATP’s storage of ENERGY

A

ADP+Energy+P-> ATP

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25
the sum total of all chemical reactions in an organism
metabolism
26
are proteins that facilitate cellular reactions
enzymes
27
What 2 things do enzymes do
- trigger reactions to occur | - turn of existing reactions
28
All chemical reactions involve
energy transfer
29
energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
activation energy
30
enzymes low activation energy allows ___________________________________
reactions to occur more readily
31
enzymes are referred to as _____________ because of enzymes lower _______________
catalysts, lower activation energy
32
What are enzyme activities influenced by (4)
- temperature - salt concentration - PH - Concentration
33
denatures enzymes by altering 3D shape
(high) temperature
34
ions can interfere with active site
salt concentration
35
can change the 3D shape or interfere with active site
PH
36
the ______ of enzyme or substrate
concentration
37
Enzymes are _______________ _________ which react with certain molecules called ______________
active site, substrate
38
the conformational change that enzymes undergo after interacting with the substrate, which makes the active site and the site of the enzyme and substrate even tighter and the interaction more efficient.
induced fit
39
Enzymes are not _________ rather they are ________ meaning they are used multiple time
consumed; recycled
40
each enzyme interacts with a specific
substrate
41
-ace ending indicates a
enzyme
42
Lactace-> | Sucrace->
Lactose | Sucrose
43
Enzyme inhibitors
- prevent reactions from taking place | - permanently fill the active site instead of the substraite preventing certain reactions from occuring
44
permanently fill the active site instead of the substraite prevents
certain reactions from occuring
45
other inhibitors many interact with a different part of enzyme
causing the active site to change shape
46
some antibiotico and drugs act as inhibitors with
prevent bacteria enzymes from fuctioning properly
47
calls can regulate the import and export of chemicals used in chemical reactions by way of the
plasma membrain
48
____________ is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
plasma membrane
49
the unique characteristics of the plasma membrane makes it ___________________________ enabling some molecules to freely pass where as others enter only via protein channels
selectively permiable
50
random movement of molecules
diffusion
51
molecules move from __________ concetration to ____________ concentration
high to low
52
cells have membrane transport mechanisms which many facilitate _____________ molecules in or out of cell
diffusion
53
Some molecules may pass freely through the plasma membrane while others need assistance through
proteins imbedded in the plasma membrane
54
no energy is needed molecolecules travel across a membrane from high concentration to low
passive transport "diffusion"
55
specific transport proteins are selective in which molecules may pass into cells (no energy required)
facilitated diffusion
56
cells use energy to move molecules from low concentration to high concentration
active transport
57
active transport uses _________________ or _____ to move molecules across the membrane from low to high concentration
energy or ATP
58
solutions with equal solute concentrations as solution outside of it
isotonic
59
solution with a lower concentration of solutes of solution outside of it
hyotonic
60
solution with a higher concentration of solutes of solution outside of it
hypertonic
61
is water passively moving across a selectively permiable membrane to equalize concentration
osmosis
62
when cells have different concetrations than their enviroment it results in
water loss or water gain
63
solutes usually do not enter or exit the cell rather
the concentration of water inside or outside the cell may change
64
the control of water balance in cells
osmoregulation
65
during ____________ large molecules are transferred by vesicles outside the cell.
exocytis
66
The plasma membrane forms substance around substances moving then in vesicles which are brought into the cell
endocytosis
67
a cell engulfs large food particles or entire organisms
phogocytosis
68
a cell gulps droplets of fluid by forming tiny vesicles
pinocytosis
69
external molecules bind to a specific protein on the plasma membrane then are brought into the cell
receptor mediated endocytosis
70
_______ are also involved in cellular communication by binding signal molecules
receptors
71
when an extracellular signal molecule is bound to a cell
surface proteins may change shape of protein
72
extracellular signal molecules ______________
pass signals to the inside of the cell
73
when extracellular signal molecules pass signals to the inside of the cell it is called
transduction pathway
74
in ATP what is the charge of the Phosphate
negative

Biology 100 (23 decks)

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