Biology 100 Unit 4

Question 1

In 1665 Robert Hook found

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

Cells are small functional units that are characterized by ___________. Living organisms are made from ____________

Answer 2

Living, One or more cells

Question 3

Why are cells small?

Answer 3

So that molecules may enter and leave fast enough to meet the cells needs

Question 4

How does a light microscope work?

Answer 4

• Light passes through the speciman

- A set of optical lenses enlarge it

Question 5

_____ organisms are composed of cells

Answer 5

all

Question 6

What is cell theory?

Answer 6

• all organisms are composed of cells

- all cells are composed of previously existing cells

Question 7

Electron microscopes use_____________ allowing us to see up to ________ times which allows us to view ___________

Answer 7

a focused beam of electrons, 100,00x, intercellular structures and even viruses

Question 8

A ___________ is used to look at the surface of a small object. The electron beam is reflected off of the object’s ____________________

Answer 8

scanning electron microscope, surface irregularities

Question 9

_______________ is useful for explore the internal structure. The electron beam passes through the object and some structures slow the electrons

Answer 9

The transmition microscope

Question 10

What are the two major types of cells

Answer 10

• prokryotic

- eukaryotic

Question 11

who are unicellular

Answer 11

bacteria and protist

Question 12

who are multicellular

Answer 12

plants and animals

Question 13

What make prokaryotic cells unique

Answer 13

• very small
• no nucleus
• No organelles
• Independent of other cells

Question 14

What make Eukaryotic cells unique

Answer 14

• varying sizes
• dominant nucleus
• highly structured
• contains membrane bound organelles
• Division of labor among organelles
• May form tissues

Question 15

Give an example of a unicellular eukaryote

Answer 15

paramecium

Question 16

___________ is a thin boundary separating the cell from its environment

Answer 16

the plasma membrane

Question 17

The membranes of cells are composed of

Answer 17

• phospholipids

- proteins

Question 18

The membrane acts as a boundary for

Answer 18

biochemical reactions

Question 19

The membrane phospholipids are arranged in a double layer called the

Answer 19

phospholipid bilayer

Question 20

The ___________ is the model that shows how phospholipids and protein molecules may drift through the membrane

Answer 20

the fluid mosaic

Question 21

________ molecules can move with in this in the membrane

Answer 21

fluid

Question 22

different types of proteins exist with the membrane

Answer 22

mosaic

Question 23

the plasma membranes of cells are

Answer 23

selectively permeable

Question 24

the plasma membrane controls ________ and influences which substances may cross into the cell and at what speed

Answer 24

energy

Question 25

the control center of the cell

Answer 25

nucleus

Question 26

Inside the nucleus DNA is present and expressed as segments called ______

Answer 26

genes

Question 27

What genes express to ___________

Answer 27

produce proteins

Question 28

surrounding the nucleus is another membrane called

Answer 28

the nuclear envelope

Question 29

the nucleus stores genetic information in the form of

Answer 29

chromosomes

Question 30

When DNA is transferred to _______ it becomes accessible

Answer 30

RNA

Question 31

The cell has a variety of seperate membrane bound compartments called

Answer 31

organelles

Question 32

Many organelles surrounded by membrane are part of the

Answer 32

endomembrane system

Question 33

The endomembrane system includes

Answer 33

- endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - Lysosomes and Vacuoles

Question 34

The endoplasmic reticulum is composed of two distinct components

Answer 34

- rough ER | - smooth ER

Question 35

what form on the membrane of the rough ER that give the ER its rough appearance

Answer 35

Ribosomes

Question 36

the main function of the rough ER are to produce

Answer 36

protein precursors | new membrane molecules

Question 37

The smooth ER has no ribosomes on its surface, it produces

Answer 37

lipids steriods, and hormones

Question 38

Protein precursor molecules are packaged and transported in

Answer 38

vesicles

Question 39

the ________ receives precursors from the Er then refines, stores, and repackages proteins so they can be sent to areas inside and outside the cell where they can function

Answer 39

golgi apparatus

Question 40

is a type of vesicle containing digestive enzymes. They fuse vacuoles to digest food particles as well as damage organelles inside the cell

Answer 40

lysosomes

Question 41

membrane sacs

Answer 41

vacuoles

Question 42

the ___________ and ___________ are inter conncted membrane bound organelles linked as a protein making conyor belt

Answer 42

golgi and ER

Question 43

What are the two types of vacuoles

Answer 43

vacuoles of protists and the central vacuoles of plants

Question 44

Plants have membrane bound organelles called

Answer 44

chloroplast

Question 45

chloroplast conduct

Answer 45

photosynethesis in plants

Question 46

Both plants and animals have ___________ which conduct cellular energy processes

Answer 46

mitocondria

Question 47

the internal network of fibers called the _________________ helps the cell maintain its shape, structure, and anchor other organelles

Answer 47

cytoskeleton

Question 48

The cytoskelliton is made of

Answer 48

micro filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Question 49

________ are made from an arrangment of microtubials

Answer 49

cilia and flagella

Question 50

use whip like beats to propel a cell through an enviroment

Answer 50

flagella

Question 51

are short types of flagella that are coordinated and provide propulsion in wavelike back and forth movements

Answer 51

cilia

Question 52

the human windpipe is lined with

Answer 52

cilia which bring up polluatants