Biology 100 Unit 3

Question 1

one of the most versatile and essential atoms used in the building blocks of cells

Answer 1

Carbon

Question 2

Molecules which contain carbon are referred to as __________molecules

Answer 2

organic

Question 3

___________ is the study of carbon compounds

Answer 3

organic chemistry

Question 4

Carbon can form ______________

Answer 4

4 covelent bonds

Question 5

Carbon compounds can be ___________ ________ __________

Answer 5

linear, branched, and cyclical

Question 6

The simplest organic compound is ________ a hydrocarbon

Answer 6

methane

Question 7

contain only carbon and hydrogen

Answer 7

hydrocarbon

Question 8

Larger hydrocarbons

Answer 8

gasoline, fat molecules, energy storage

Question 9

Functional Groups

Answer 9

molecules that attach to hydrocarbons

Question 10

Giant molecules used in contructing cells

Answer 10

macromolecules

Question 11

most macromolecules are constructed by grouping together smaller molecules called

Answer 11

monomers

Question 12

multiple monomers

Answer 12

polyemer

Question 13

Monomers are linked through

Answer 13

dehyderation synthesis

Question 14

the reverse of dehydration synthesis

Answer 14

hydrolosis

Question 15

What are the four types of macromolecules

Answer 15

• carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acid

Question 16

small carbohydrates

Answer 16

sugars

Question 17

long molecules such as _______ found in potatoes

Answer 17

starch

Question 18

strong molecules such as ____________ in plants

Answer 18

cellulose

Question 19

simple sugars composed of a sugar monomer

Answer 19

monosaccharides ex: Glucose, Glactose, Fructose

Question 20

glucose and fructose have identical molecular formulas but different structures therefore they are

Answer 20

isomers

Question 21

when disolved in water monosaccharides form a

Answer 21

ring structure and can be broken down for energy in our cells

Question 22

a double sugar constrcucted of two monosaccharides

Answer 22

disaccharides ex: maltose, fructose, lactose

Question 23

bond in disaccharides

Answer 23

gylcosidic bond

Question 24

long chain sugars that are straight or branched

Answer 24

polysaccharides ex: glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 25

are long chains of glucose, used in plant cells for energy storage, potatoes and grains are major source of this

Answer 25

starch

Question 26

long chains of glucose used in animals to store excess sugar it differs from starch by having braches

Answer 26

Glycogen

Question 27

is a structured molecule in plants, it is the most abundant organic compound on earth, contains long strands of glucose, forms fiber and structural layers in plants

Answer 27

cellulous

Question 28

cellulous makes plants difficult to digest forcing animals

Answer 28

two chew partially digested food and host bacteria in their digestive tract

Question 29

water loving, molecules that dissolve in water

Answer 29

hydrophilic

Question 30

afraid of water, molecules which do not disolve in water

Answer 30

hydrophobic

Question 31

fats made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Answer 31

triglycerides

Question 32

what are the functions of fat

Answer 32

- energy storage-fats provide long term storage that can deliver energy needed - cushoning- many sensitive parts of the body are cushoned by fat - insilation- fat layers serve as protection against heat loss

Question 33

have a double bond between at least two carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain

Answer 33

unsaturated fatty acid | -mono and polly

Question 34

do not contain any double bonds

Answer 34

saturated fatty acids

Question 35

linear shapes allow for easy stacking, solid at room temperature

Answer 35

saturated fatty acids

Question 36

double bonds create kinks making stacking difficult liquid at room temp

Answer 36

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 37

a modified triglyceride made of a glycerol and 2 non polar fatty acid tails and a polar phosphate head

Answer 37

Phospholipids

Question 38

are lipids with unique structure and function. made of a carbon skeleton it is bent to form a four fused ring structure

Answer 38

steroid | Ex: cholestrol, testosteron, estrogen

Question 39

are constructed of different amino acids. They perform the majority of cellular function

Answer 39

protein

Question 40

how many amino acids

Answer 40

20

Question 41

each amino acid is made of

Answer 41

- amino group - carboxyl group - side chain

Question 42

the bond between the carbon atom and the nitrogen is called a

Answer 42

peptide bond

Question 43

when proteins lose their shape and function the process is called ________ occures in high temp and PH

Answer 43

denaturation

Question 44

what is the primary structure of proteins

Answer 44

linear sequence of amino acids

Question 45

what is the secondary structure of proteins

Answer 45

folding of primary structure reinforced by H-bonds | ex: Alpha helix, beta pleta sheet

Question 46

what is the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 46

3 dementional shape

Question 47

What is the quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 47

multiple tertiary proteins combined

Question 48

store information to make proteins

Answer 48

nucleic acids

Question 49

what are the three types of nucleic acid molecules

Answer 49

DNA RNA ATR

Question 50

Nucleic acid is made from

Answer 50

nucleotides 'building blocks"

Question 51

nucleotide=

Answer 51

phosphate+ Sugar+ nitrogenous base

Question 52

DNA and RNA are made of

Answer 52

nucleotides that are strung together

Question 53

- Double Stranded - Uses deoxyribose - bases AT and GC - in Ukaryot nucleous - prokariot nucleoid

Answer 53

DNA

Question 54

-Single stranded Uses Ribose -bases AU and GC

Answer 54

RNA