Biology 100 Unit 7

Question 1

Plants are _________ as are some bacteria and protisis

Answer 1

photosynthetic autotrophs

Question 2

-Autotrophs have the ability to

Answer 2

make their food via photo synthesis

Question 3

During photosynthesis plants take in atmospheric CO2 through opening in their leaves called ________________ water is absorbed through plants roots

Answer 3

stomate

Question 4

water _________ and as it exits through the __________ and such water up through the _________ this process is referred to as

Answer 4

evaperates, leaves, roots, transpiration

Question 5

photosynthesis equation

Answer 5

6CO2+6H20-> C6H12O6+6O2

Question 6

during transpiration water travels using _________ to plants

Answer 6

vascular cells

Question 7

As water travels through vascular of transpiration is the transfer of nutrients, photosynthesis produces

Answer 7

nutrients glucose

Question 8

photosynthesis occurs in

Answer 8

chloroplasts

Question 9

contain light absorbing pigments called _____________ which is involved in converting solar energy into chemical energy

Answer 9

chlorophyll

Question 10

chloroplasts contain folded interconnected membranous sacs called

Answer 10

thylakoids

Question 11

thylakoids form stacks called

Answer 11

grana

Question 12

Chloroplasts are found in high concentration in the ____________ (middle tissue) of a lead

Answer 12

mesaphyll cells

Question 13

is the process by which autotrophic organisms convert light into chemical energy

Answer 13

photosynthesis

Question 14

although chloroplasts can be found in multiple types of plants tissue

Answer 14

they are most abundant in the leaves of plants

Question 15

guard cells regulate the opening of a

Answer 15

leaves stomata

Question 16

has two parts, the light reactions and the dark reactions

Answer 16

photosynthesis

Question 17

energy from light drives the synthesis of

Answer 17

ATP and NAPDH (electron carrier)

Question 18

during the calvin cycle:

________: is required to synthesize sugar

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

during the calvin cycle:

________: important to synthesize sugar

Answer 19

NADPH reduces CO2

Question 20

synthesis of ATP and acquisition of an e-

Answer 20

Light reaction

Question 21

uses ATP and reduced CO2 to form glucose

Answer 21

dark reaction

Question 22

light consists of high speed particles called

Answer 22

photons

Question 23

photons are packets of

Answer 23

electromagnetic energy

Question 24

The electromagnetic spectrum shows the full range of

Answer 24

radiation types

Question 25

Short wave length -> __________________ | Long wave length -> ___________

Answer 25

high energy | low energy

Question 26

absorb specific electromagnetic wavelengths and convert them to chemical energy

Answer 26

chloroplasts

Question 27

contain different pigments to pick up different wavelength

Answer 27

chloroplasts

Question 28

the most important pigment in green plants is

Answer 28

chlorophyll

Question 29

_________ collides with pigment molecules inside the chloroplasts which absorbs some of the energy

Answer 29

visible light

Question 30

Once pigments absorb photons:

Answer 30

-that energy splits | e- then move from ground state to an excited state

Question 31

the electrons are then harnessed in a network of pigments referred to as a

Answer 31

photosystem

Question 32

chlorophyll absorbs photons increasing

Answer 32

energetic states of an e-

Question 33

after H2O is split, e- become energized and transfer to different pigment molecules until they reach a _________

Answer 33

reaction center

Question 34

once e- reaches the reaction center they can become energized and bump up to a

Answer 34

primary electron acceptor

Question 35

is a molecular light-capture device | -a pigment supported by other molecules receives an energy boost by the impact of photons

Answer 35

photosystem

Question 36

After e- interact with the primary electron acceptor in the water-splitting photosystem (Photosystem II), they can travel to the NADPH producing photosystem (Photosystem I) via an electron transport chain 2nd: Once they enter the NADPH producing photosystem, e- can re-energize again (higher energy state) to another Primary electron acceptor 3rd: e- can then reduce NADP+ to NADPH, acting as a high energy electron carrier

Answer 36

NADPH-producing photosystem

Question 37

two sequential photosytems are needs to complete

Answer 37

light reactions

Question 38

two electron transport chains act during

Answer 38

light reactions

Question 39

Carbon enters as CO2 and gets fixed to a 5 carbon compound called RuBP (Rubulose bisphosphate), this then breaks down into two 3-carbon molecules 2. EnzymesuseATP&NADPHe-tothe3-carbonmolecule into G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) 3. Plants use G3P made in the Calvin cycle to make glucose, other G3P molecules continue in the Calvin cycle 4. After sugar is made, any left over G3P molecules are used to regenerate more RuBP, which can fix more CO2 molecules

Answer 39

making sugar from CO2

Question 40

least efficicient at producing glucose

Answer 40

C3 plants

Question 41

calvin cyle uses co2 directs from air. Co2 intake is reduced decreasing

Answer 41

photostigmatic rates

Question 42

they store CO2 into a 4-carbon molecule, which can supply the Calvin cycle with carbon to produce sugar even when stomata are closed during hot and dry conditions. •Ex: sugarcane & corn

Answer 42

C4 plants

Question 43

opens stomata at night only, and closes them during the day to prevent water loss – They also store CO2 in a 4-carbon molecule which can supply the Calvin cycle with carbon to produce glucose during the day – Ex: pineapples, cactus, & succulent plants

Answer 43

CAM plants

Question 44

operates on a global scale. – Solar radiation includes visible light that penetrates the Earth’s atmosphere and warms the planet’s surface. – Heat radiating from the warmed planet is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, which then reflects some of the heat back to Earth. – Without the warming of the greenhouse effect, the Earth would be much colder and most life as we know it could not exist.

Answer 44

the green house effect

Question 45

The gases in the atmosphere that absorb heat radiation are called greenhouse gases. These include

Answer 45

- water vapor - C02 - Methane

Question 46

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases have been linked to ________________(also called global warming), a slow but steady rise in Earth’s surface temperature.

Answer 46

global climate change

Question 47

Since 1850, the atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased by about 40%, mostly due to the combustion of fossil fuels including

Answer 47

coal oil gas

Question 48

The predicted consequences of continued warming include

Answer 48

``` melting of the polar ice caps -rise in water levels -extreeme weather drought increased extinction rates, and – the spread of tropical diseases. ```

Question 49

Global warming caused by increasing CO2 levels may be reduced by

Answer 49

-limiting deforestation -reducing fossil fuels – growing biofuel crops that remove CO2 from the atmosphere.