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Biology 100 > Biology 100 Unit 2 > Flashcards

Biology 100 Unit 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

what are the building blocks of matter? They can not be broken down into smaller components

A

Chemical elements

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2
Q

How many elements occur naturally?

A

92

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3
Q

Biology begins at the _______ level and work toward organismal level

A

atomic level

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4
Q

something that occupies space and has mass is called

A

matter

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5
Q

On earth matter exists in three physical states

A

solid, liquid, gas

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6
Q

What lists all elements in an order based on certain characteristics

A

The Periodic Table

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7
Q

What elements make up 96% of the weight of the human body?

A

O, C, H, N

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8
Q

What occur in small amounts but are necessary for life?

A

Trace Elements

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9
Q

How many elements are essential for life

A

About 25

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10
Q

A ________ is formed when two or more atoms join together chemical

A

Molecule

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11
Q

A ________ is a molecule that contains at least two different elements

A

Compound

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12
Q

A _______ is the smallest unit of matter

A

Atom

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13
Q

Atoms are constructed of

A

Protons, Nutrons, and Electrons

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14
Q

positively charged has mass

A

Protons

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15
Q

no charge, has mass

A

Nuetrons

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16
Q

negative charge, no mass

A

Electron

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17
Q

Protons and Nuetrons reside in the

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

A _____ is an atom’s central core

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

The electrons reside and orbit in

A

Electron Shells

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20
Q

The _____ is the number of protons, it determines the element

A

atomic #

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21
Q

The ________ of an atom is the sum of the protons and the nuetrons

A

mass #/ atomic mass

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22
Q

Elements are classified by _______________________

A

the number of protons and nuetrons in nucleus

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23
Q

forms of an element with different mass

  • The protons and electrons remain the same
  • Nutrons skew
24
Q

spheres which orbit the nucleus and carry electrons l

Study These Flashcards
A

Electron Shells

25
Electrons on the outermost shells determine the atom's ________
properties
26
essentially when atoms change electron configuration
Chemical Reactions
27
Atoms may give up o aquire electrons to satisfy or fill their outer electron shells
- 2 electrons for inner shell | - 8 electrons for outer shells
28
What are the two types of bonds
- ionic | - covelent
29
When an atom changes its normal number of electrons it takes on an
electric charge
30
Charged atoms are called
Ions
31
Adding an electron gives a
Negative charge
32
Losing an electron gives a
Positive Charge
33
Ions are charged because
they have a different number of protons than nuetruns
34
are formed between oppositely charged ions
Ionic Bonds
35
positively charged ions
Cations
36
Negatively Charged ions
Anions
37
A covelent bond formes when two atoms ______________________
share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons
38
In chemical reactions: - starting material - ending material
Reactants, Products
39
How is the earth dependant on water?
- Cells: modern life remains tied to water | - Cells are composed of 70-80%
40
What has key characteristics such as
surface tension, melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, specific heat, atomic configuration
41
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are joined by single covalent bonds
2 covelent bonds
42
an atom that exerts more attraction on electrons is
more electronegative
43
Unequal electron sharing makes water
polar
44
Electrons orbit around Oxygen the majority of the time, making the
Oxogen portion partially negative
45
Tiny polar molecules acting as tiny magnets
Hydrogen bond
46
Hydrogen bonding's property that allows water molecules to hold together
Cohesion | ex: water transportation in plants
47
Water has a lower density in ________ form which is why ice floats
liquid
48
a liquid in which two or more substances are evenly mixed
Solution
49
the dissolving liquid is called the
solvent
50
the dissolving substance is called the
solute
51
a solution with water as the solvent is called an _________ solution
aqueous
52
an ________ forms when a chemical compound donates H+ ions to a solution PH: low 0-6
Acid
53
a _______ forms when a chemical compound removes H+ and adds OH- to the solution PH: High 8-14
Base
54
the unit we use to measure the relative amount of H+ ions in the solution
PH
55
help our body stabalize PH
Buffers

Biology 100 (23 decks)

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