Bovine Derm

Question 1

What is a hygroma?

Answer 1

Localised swelling of soft tissues, usually around carpus

Question 2

Where are you more likely to see lice on a cow?

Answer 2

Back and neck,+/- pruritus

Look for lice and eggs

Question 3

How do you treat lice?

Answer 3

Ivermectins, permethrins

Question 4

How do you prevent flies?

Answer 4

Permethrins (eg impregnated tags/pour-ons)

Question 5

How do you diagnose mange?

Answer 5

Skin scrape

Question 6

Which kind of cattle are you more likely to see chorioptic mange in?
Where are the lesions located?
What are the clinical signs?

Answer 6

• Housed cattle, winter
• Tail head lesions, udder
• Pruritus, erythema, crusts, rubbing

Question 7

How do you treat chorioptic mange?

Answer 7

Ivermectins (check milk withhold)

Question 8

How do you treat psoroptic mange?

Answer 8

NOT IVERMECTINS

4% permethrin pour-on

Question 9

Ringworm is usually seen in what age of cows?

Answer 9

• Calves (housed), esp on head

- Grey, crusty lesions

Question 10

What causes ringworm?

Answer 10

Trichophyton verrucosum

Question 11

How do you treat ringworm?

Answer 11

Enilconazole
Turn out
Treat any underlying husbandry conditions/diseases

Question 12

How do you treat Dermatophillus congolensis (rainscald)?

Answer 12

Penicillin, oxytetracycline

Question 13

What causes ‘Wooden Tongue’?

What skin lesions would you see?

Answer 13

• Actinobacillus
• Abscessation and fistulation
• Granulomatous lesions
• Especially on head and LNs; abscessation of tongue and swelling of ventral jaw

Question 14

How do you treat Actinobacillus (‘Wooden Tongue’)?

Answer 14

• Antibiotics (pen/strep, oxytet)

- Potassium iodide (drench or iv, not licensed)

Question 15

Where is cellulitis usually seen?

What is it usually caused by?

Answer 15

Head and neck, gross swelling

Staphs and Clostridia

Question 16

How do you treat cellulitis?

Answer 16

Antibiotics

Question 17

A deficiency in what causes a brown tinge to the hair coat?

Answer 17

Copper

Question 18

What causes a popliteal abscess?

Answer 18

Ascending infection from foot

Question 19

What is Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia?

Answer 19

• ‘Blood sweating disease’
• Newborn to 4 weeks old
• Bleeding from orifices, injection sites, skin, internal haemorrhages
• Bone marrow and blood changes eg pale mm (aplastic anemia)

Question 20

How is lumpy skin disease transmitted?

Answer 20

Biting flies, ticks, needles

Question 21

What are the clinical signs of lumpy skin disease?

Answer 21

• Fever
• Skin nodules, erosions
• Enlarged LNs
• Nasal discharge
• Mastitis
• Emaciation

Question 22

Why may a cow have pelvic/upper HL or ‘neck rub’ skin injuries?

Answer 22

Poor cubicle design (and feed barrier position in the case of neck rub)

Question 23

What do flies transmit?

Answer 23

Summer Mastitis (Trueperella pyogenes, Strep dysgalactiae)
New Forest Eye (Moraxella bovis)

Question 24

Give the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange

Answer 24

Intense pruritus
Alopecia, crusting, thickening of skin
Head, neck, shoulders
Zoonotic

Question 25

Give the clinical signs of psoroptic mange

Answer 25

Intense pruritus Bloody, crusty lesions on shoulders and tail head, hair loss, skin thickening Weight loss, death

Question 26

What causes impetigo and where is it usually seen?

Answer 26

Pustular staph infection | Udder and perineum

Question 27

Where are lesions seen with Dermatophillus congolensis?

Answer 27

Crusts on back and udder 'Rain scald' Wet conditions, uncommon

Question 28

How do you diagnose Dermatophillus congolensis?

Answer 28

Smear and methylene blue stain

Question 29

What causes primary and secondary photosensitisation?

Answer 29

Primary: photodynamic agents in diet Secondary: hepatic damage

Question 30

How does urticaria often present?

Answer 30

Sudden onset oedema of vulva

Question 31

How do you treat urticaria?

Answer 31

Anti-histamines, corticosteroids | Resolves spontaneously

Question 32

What age of cows are affected by warts (papilloma virus)? | Do you need to treat?

Answer 32

Young animals | Resolve spontaneously

Question 33

What should you do if you see a haematoma on a cow?

Answer 33

Leave it! Will resolve spontaneously

Question 34

What causes pseudocowpox? | Where are lesions seen and what do they look like?

Answer 34

Parapox virus | Vesicules and pustules on teats -> horseshoe-shaped lesions

Question 35

How do you treat pseudocowpox?

Answer 35

No specific treatment, may resolve and recur

Question 36

What is 'Blackspot' and what causes it?

Answer 36

Necrotic lesion around teat ends | Caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 37

Describe the appearance and treatment of Bovine Papular Stomatitis

Answer 37

Small red papules on muzzle and lips | No tx necessary

Question 38

Describe intertrigo

Answer 38

Eczematous dermatitis in between the two sides of the udder/between the udder and thighs, as a result of constant rubbing Usually 2-4 weeks post-calving Affected skin is inflamed, painful, offensive smell, congealed serous material Tx: antiseptic soap, local steroid cream