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Year 4 > Bovine Eye > Flashcards

Bovine Eye Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Give 3 primary diseases of the eye

A

New forest disease (infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis, ‘pink eye’)
Bovine iritis (silage eye)
Squamous cell carcinoma (cancer eye)

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2
Q

What causes New Forest Disease (infectious bovine kerato-conjunctivitis)?

A

Morexella bovis (gram -ve, transmitted by flies)
Also:
-Mycoplasma spp
-Pneumonia viruses etc

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3
Q

What is blepharospasm?

A

Abnormal contraction/twitch of eyelid

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4
Q

Give some clinical signs of New Forest Eye

A

Lacrimation
Blepharospasm
Early keratosis-white spot
Ulcer exposing Descemets membrane (could rupture -> remove eye), pannus
Healing ulcer -vascularisation, may have permanent scarring

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5
Q

How do you treat New Forest Eye?

A

LA eye ointment (cloxacillin)
Sub-conjunctival injection (ampicillin, amoxycillin, oxytetracycline etc, best on bulbar conjunctiva) (oxytet can be irritant so dilute with water)
Suture 3rd eyelid & eyelids or eyelids only
Eye patches

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6
Q

Give some risk factors for New Forest Eye

A 
Flies (transmit moraxella)
Woodland
Dust
Chaff
UV light
(all of the above irritate the eye)
'Virus pneumonia'
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7
Q

Which season are you most likely to see New Forest Eye?

A

Summer (flies)

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8
Q

How can you prevent New Forest Eye?

A

Fly control- ear tags, pour ons, permethrins
Graze away from fly habitat (woodland)
Ventilation and fly control inside buildings
Vaccine-USA

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9
Q

What is Bovine Iritis associated with?

A

Big bale silage feeding

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10
Q

Which season is Bovine Iritis seen in?

A

Winter

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11
Q

Give the clinical signs of Bovine Iritis

A

Early cases: constricted pupil
Patchy/multiple areas of corneal opacity
Glaucoma
White flocules in anterior chamber
Later: vascularisation (inside surface of cornea)
Negative to fluorescein staining cf New Forest Disease
Eye may bulge, may get secondary keratitis

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12
Q

Bovine Iritis is a disease of which part of the eye?

A

Intenal cornea

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13
Q

Give some causes of Bovine Iritis

A

Unknown
Hypersensitivity reaction?
Link with Listeria?
Form of uveitis

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14
Q

How do you treat Bovine Iritis?

A

Antibiotics are ineffective
Sub-conjunctival (bulbar) injection of:
-Atropine (5mg) to dilate the pupil
-With dexamethasone (1-3mg) steroid

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15
Q

What size needle would you use for a sub-bulbar conjunctival injection?

A

22G (pale blue)
Use LA first
Hold head up and rotate for easy access

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16
Q

Which breed is predisposed to squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Herefords (white-faced)

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17
Q

When suturing eyelids together, what should you not do?

A

Suture through the conjunctiva- irritant

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18
Q

Give some risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma

A

White faces
>5 years old
UV exposure (Tropics)

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19
Q

Which parts of the eye does squamous cell carcinoma affect?

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A

Cornea (can be invasive)
3rd eyelid
Conjunctiva

20
Q

How do you treat squamous cell carcinoma?

Study These Flashcards
A

Can remove but may recur

21
Q

What can a foreign body in the eye lead to?

22
Q

What is keratitis?

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A

Inflammation of the cornea

23
Q

What causes Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

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A

Ovine herpes virus 2 (doesn’t cause clinical disease in sheep)

24
Q

What is the prognosis for Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

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A

Usually fatal

25
Give the clinical signs of Malignant Catarrhal Fever
'Head and eye form' most common - Persistent pyrexia (41oC) - Depressed-encephalitis - Nasal and mouth erosions - Enlarged lymph nodes - Respiratory signs - Diarrhoea
26
How can you diagnose Malignant Catarrhal Fever?
ELISA
27
Give the secondary eye lesions seen with Malignant Catarrhal Fever
- Conjuntivitis - Eyelid oedema - Blepharospasm - Corneal opacity
28
When are herpes viruses typically secreted?
During times of stress (lie latent in trigeminal ganglion)
29
How do you diagnose infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV 1)?
ELISA
30
How do you prevent infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV 1)?
Intra-nasal vaccines
31
Give the clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV 1)?
Pyrexia (41oC) Conjunctivitis and serous discharge (red eye) Corneal oedema Nasal lesions & discharge
32
How does listeriosis infect cows?
Infection via CNV or VII to brain via teeth
33
Give the clinical signs of listeriosis
- Septicaemia form in sheep -> die - Encephalitis more common (micro-abscesses in brain) - Circling disease, unilateral facial paralysis (droopy ear), depressed, positive reaction to menace test as can still see but can't feel face if you poke with needle - Facial paralysis -> dry eye keratosis
34
How do you treat dry eye keratosis?
High doses of penicillin or oxytetracycline
35
Give some generalised diseases in which eye lesions may feature
- BVD-cataracts, micropthalmia (infection between day 120-150 of pregnancy) - Septicaemia-hypopyon (pus in eye, calves), petechiae - Endotoxaemia-injected conjunctiva, petechiae - Dehydration-sunken eye
36
Poisoning with what can result in blood in the anterior chamber (hyphaema)?
Bracken
37
Which conditions can cause blindness?
- Cerebro cortical necrosis - Lead poisoning - Vit A deficiency - Twin lamb disease (sheep)
38
Cerebro-cortical necrosis is seen in which cattle?
Young growing cattle Thiaminase production in rumen (ie lack of thiamine) High energy diet
39
How do you diagnose cerebro-cortical necrosis?
PM (brain changes, parts of brain fluoresce under UV light)
40
How do you treat cerebro-cortical necrosis?
IV thiamine (vitamin B1) every 4 hours (inject slowly)
41
What are the clinical signs of cerebro-cortical necrosis?
- Star-gazing (early cases) - Negative menace response (blind) - Positive pupillary response to light - Nystagmus and convulsions - Opistothonus
42
Give the clinical signs of lead poisoning
- Negative menace test (blind) - Dilated pupils - Tremors and convulsions
43
How do you treat lead poisoning?
Calcium versenate (chelating agent) iv and sedation
44
How do you diagnose lead poisoning?
Pb in kidney, history
45
Vitamin A deficiency typically affects which cows?
Growing cattle kept indoors | Fed root and straw diet
46
Give the clinical signs of Vitamin A deficiency
- Night blindness - Negative menace test - Dilated pupils - Oedema of optic disk - Can also have skeletal abnormalities

Year 4 (51 decks)

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