Breast histology* Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Breast histology* Deck (26)
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1
Q

how many lobes is the secretary breast tissue made of

A

15-25

2
Q

what each lobe consist of

A

compound tubulo acinar gland which drains via a series of ducts leading to the nipple

3
Q

what is adjacent to the secretory lobules and what is it surrounded by

A

dense fibrous tissue surrounded by adipose tissue

4
Q

what are suspensor ligaments of cooper

A

increased condensations of fibrocollagenous tissue that extend to the dermis of the skin and support the breast

5
Q

where do the lactiferous ducts start and end

A

branch from each lobule and end at the end of the nipple

6
Q

what do terminal ducts lead into and then what and then

A

interlobular collecting duct and then extra lobular collecting duct which then leads to lactiferous duct. this then leads to the nipple and passes through a sinus

7
Q

what is the lactiferous sinus

A

the duct expands for a short distance and then gets smaller again - allows a reserver for milk to build up for breastfeeding

8
Q

what is the lining of larger ducts

A

columnar epithelium

9
Q

what is the lining of secretary acini

A

cuboidal or low columnar epithelium

10
Q

what are both larger ducts and secretary acini surrounded by

A

myoepithelial cells - contractile epithelial cells

11
Q

what do breast glands look similar to

A

sweat glands

12
Q

what is the nipple covered by

A

high pigmented keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

13
Q

what is the core of the nipple

A

dense irregular connective tissue mixed with bundles of smooth muscle

14
Q

why is smooth muscle in the core of the nipple

A

for nipple erection

15
Q

what can be seen in a transverse section through the nipple (2)

A

lactiferous sinuses

sebaceus glands which produce oil to help with the protection of the nipples during breastfeeding

16
Q

what happens to the lining of the lactiferous duct as it reaches the surface

A

changes from being one cell thick to stratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium

17
Q

what happens to the epithelial cells during the luteal phase

A

increase in height

lamina of ducts becomes enlarged and small secretions appear in ducts

18
Q

changed in the mamary glands during the first trimester

A

elongation and branching of the smaller ducts and proliferation of the epithelial cells of the glands and the myoepithelial cells

19
Q

what changes occur in the second trimester to the mammary gland

A

tissue continues to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli
plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate the nearby connective tissue

20
Q

what changes occur in the third trimester in the mammary gland

A

alveoli continue to mature with development of extensive rER

21
Q

what are changes to the mammary gland accompanied

A

reduction in the amount of connective tissue and adipose tissue present

22
Q

what happens during pregnancy in terms of hormone production

A

oestrogen and progesterone stimulate proliferation of secretory tissue and fibre fatty tissue becomes sparse

23
Q

composition of human milk

A

88% water
1.5% protein (daily lactalbumin and casein)
7% carbohydrate (daily lactose)
3.5% lipid

small amounts of ions, vitamins and IgA antibodies

24
Q

how does apocrine secretion take place

A

lipid droplets bud off from mammary acini and end up as almost vesicles with surrounding membrane

25
Q

how does merocrine secretion take place

A

proteins in milk are made rER packaged by golgi and secreted as vesicles which merge with apical membrane to release their content into the duct system

26
Q

what happens to the secretory cells of the TDLU following menopause and what happens to the connective tissue

A

secretory cells degenerate leaving one ducts

connective tissue - fewer fibroblasts and reduced collagen and elastic fibres