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Flashcards in Ovarian cancer Deck (26)
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1
Q

types of ovarian cysts

A
follicular eg. polycystic ovaries
luteal
endometriotic
epithelial
mesothelial
2
Q
follicular cysts are what 
when do they form 
size
describe them 
tx
A

very common

can form when ovulation doesn’t occur - follicle doesn’t rupture but grows till it becomes a cyst

can grow up to several cm

thin walled, lined by granulosa cells

usually resolve over a few months

3
Q

what can endometriosis cause in terms of symptoms

A

pelvic inflammation which can result in scarring of the fallopian tubes and lead to infertility
pain

4
Q

sites of endometriosis

A
ovary 
pouch of douglas
peritoneal surfaces
cervix/vulva/vgaina
bladder, bowel etc
in abdomen on CSec scar
5
Q

pathogens of endometriosis

A

regurgitation
metaplasia
vascular or lymphatic dissemination

6
Q

macroscopic ovarian endometriosis

A

peritoneal spots or nodules
fibrous adhesions
choc cysts

7
Q

microscopic endometriosis

A

endometrial glands and stroma

haemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis

8
Q

cx of endometriosis

A
pain
cyst formation
infertility 
ectopic preg
malignancy
9
Q

ovarian tumours classification

A
epithelial 
germ cell
sex cord/stromal 
mets
other
10
Q

epithelial ovarian tumours

A
serous
mucinous
endometrioid
clear cell
brenner
11
Q

benign epithelial ovarian tumours

A

no cytological abnormalities, proliferative activity absent or scant, no stromal invasion

12
Q

borderline epithelial ovarian tumours

A

cytological abnormalities, proliferative

no stromal invasion

13
Q

malignant epithelial ovarian tumours

A

stormal invasion

14
Q

high grade serous carcinoma

A

more common
serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma
most cases are tubal in origin

15
Q

low grade serous carcinoma

A

serous borderline tumour

16
Q

what has a strong association with endometriosis of the ovary

A

endometrioid and clear cell

17
Q

what is brenner tumour

A

tumour of transitional type epithelium, usually benign

18
Q

what percentage of ovarian tumours are germ cell tumours

A

15-20%

19
Q

what are dermoid cysts

A

mature benign cystic teratomas
95% of germ cell tumours
skin, resp epithelium, gut, fat, sebum, hair

20
Q

other kinds of germ cell tumours

A
immature teratoma - rare
dysgerminoma
yolk sac tumour
choriocarcinoma
mixed germ cell tumour
21
Q

what is dysgerminoma

who

A

most common malignant primitive germ cell tumour

children and young women av age 22

22
Q

stromal tumours types

A

fibroma/thecoma - benign, may produce oestrogen causing bleeding

granulosa cell tumour - all potentially malignant, may be assoc with oestrogen malfestations

sertoli-leydig cell tumours - rare, may produce androgens

23
Q
figo staging of ovarian cancer
1A
1B
1C
2A
2B
3A
3B
3C
4
A

1A tumour limited to one ovary
1B both ovaries
1C cancer involving ovarian surface/rupture/surgical spill/tumour in washings
2A - extension or implants on uterus/fallopian tube
2B extension to other pelvic intraperitoneal
3A retroperitoneal LN mets or microscopic extra pelvic peritoneal involvement
3B macroscopic peritoneal mets beyond pelvic up to 2cm in dimension
3C macroscopic peritoneal mets >2cm in dimension
4 distant mets

24
Q

fallopian tubes can have what

A
inflammation - salpingitis
cysts and tumours
serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas
endometriosis
ectopic preg
25
Q

difference between chronic and acute salpingitis

A

chronic has lymphocytes

26
Q

who should a dx of ectopic preg be considered in

A

female of reproductive age with amenorrhea and acute hypotension or an acute abdomen