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Cardio Flashcards

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1
Q

Bacterial endocarditis symptoms

A

oslers nodes(finger toe lesions), splinter hemorrhage, roth spots(retina), janeway (palm/sole painless erythema)

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2
Q

U wave causes

A

hypokalemia, bradycardia

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3
Q

3rd degree heart block disease cause

A

lyme disease

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4
Q

Blue babies cause

A

RtoL shunt (5T’s)

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5
Q

Turner’s syndrome association

A

aortic coarctation

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6
Q

22q11 syndromes

A

TOF, truncus arteriosus

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7
Q

thoracic aortic anyeurism associationa

A

Marfan’s, 3* syphillis

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8
Q

loffler syndrome pathology

A

endomyocardial fibrosis+eosinophils

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9
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy association

A

Friedrich’s ataxia

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10
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy causes

A

ABCCCD(alcohol, beriberi, cocaine, coxsackie B, Chagas, Doxorubicin)

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11
Q

acute endocarditis cause

A

S Aureus

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12
Q

subacute endocarditis cause

A

viridans strep

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13
Q

IVDU endocarditis cause

A

S Aureus, pseudamonas, Candida

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14
Q

Rheumatic heart valves affected

A

mitral>aortic»tricuspid

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15
Q

rheumatic pathology

A

aschoff bodies(giant cell granuloma), anitschkows cells(histiocytes), ASO titers

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16
Q

most common 1* cardiac tumor adults

A

myxoma(metastasis more common)

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17
Q

most common childhood cardiac tumor

A

rhabdomyoma(tuberous sclerous associated)

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18
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome causes

A

SLE, CREST, mixed connective tissue disease

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19
Q

sturge-weber lesions

A

port wine stain, seizures, glaucoma, cerebral AVM

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20
Q

Ca channel blocker for heart

A

verapamil

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21
Q

Ca channel blocker for vascular

A

amlodipine, nifedipine

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22
Q

alpha2 blockers SE

A

reflex tachycardia

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23
Q

kawasaki disease lesions

A

strawberry tongue, trunk&extremity rash, conjunctivitis, CORONARY ARTERY

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24
Q

Na funny channel

A

SA node phase 4(no phase 1&2)

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25
digitalis inhibits
Na/K ATPase(increases contractile force)
26
cerebral circulation factor
CO2
27
coronary circulation factors
adenosine& hypoxia
28
skeletal muscle circulation factors
lactate, adenosine& K+
29
hyperTG Tx
fibrates+niacin
30
fibrate MOA
ppar alpha activator(upregulates LPL)
31
stable+unstable angina pathology
subendocardial (also ST depression)
32
prinzmetal angina pathology
transmural(ST elevation)
33
4-24hr MI
coagulative necrosis
34
1-3d MI
neutrophils (pericarditis complication)
35
3-7d MI
M0 (free wall rupture complication)
36
7-10d MI
granulation tissue
37
months post MI
fibrosis (anyeurism complication)
38
dressler syndrome
pericarditis autoantibodies months post MI
39
heart failure pathology
hemosiderin laden M0, nutmeg liver
40
fetal alcohol syndrome heart defect
VSD(most common congenital)
41
down syndrome heart defect
ASD
42
congenital rubella association
PDA
43
maternal diabetes association
transposition of the great vessals
44
rheumatic valve
mitral(stenosis-rarely aortic)
45
rheumatic heart pathology
aschoff bodies with anitschkow cells(caterpillar chromatin)
46
aortic stenosis sounds
click+crescendo-decrescendo
47
aortic regurgitation symptoms
head bobbing, pulsating nail bed, pounding pulses(wide pulse pressure-hyperdynamic)
48
mitral prolapse sound
mid systolic click
49
mitral stenosis sounds
opening snap+diastolic rumble
50
staph epi endocarditis
prosthetic valves
51
strep bovis endocarditis
colorectal carcinoma
52
negative blood culture endocarditis
HACEK
53
lesions on both sides of cardiac valves
Liebman-sachs(SLE)
54
hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy cause
autoDominant sarcomere mutation
55
polyarteritis nodosa association
HBsAG
56
polyarteritis nodosa pathology
string of pearls(bumpy blood vessal)
57
kawasaki disease Tx
aspirin(even in kids-commonly cause MI) IVIG
58
Buerger's disease cause(necrotizing fingers/toes)
smoking
59
atherosclerosis vessel location
intima of medium to large vessels
60
hyaline arteriolosclerosis causes
benign HTN, diabetes
61
liver angiosarcoma relation
PVC
62
thoracic aortic anyeurism association
syphillis(tree bark appearance)
63
pregnancy HTN Tx
hydralazine, levadopa
64
drug induced lupus causes
procainamide, isoniazid, hydralazine
65
torsades de pointes drugs
IA(quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide), III(amiodorone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide)
66
post-MI antiarrhythmia
IB(lidocaine, mexilitene, tocainamide)
67
Tests while on amiodorone
PFTs, LFTs, TFTs
68
torsades/digoxin toxicity Tx
Mg2+
69
SVT DOC
adenosine
70
test for prinzmetal angina
ergonovine
71
takayasu pathology
ab aorta branch points, pulseless
72
difference between wegeners µscopic polyangiitis
wegeners-involves nasopharynx, c-anca. mp-p-anca, just lung and kidneys. Both Tx-cyclophosphamide
73
slurred s wave(I/V6)
RBBB
74
notched QRS(I/V1/V6)
LBBB(Can't diagnose MI if it occurs)
75
V5>35
LVH
76
inverted T wave causes(left leads)
symmetrical=ischemia, gradual then quick=LVH
77
deep V6 s wave, V1-R/S >1
RVH
78
V1/II p waves abnormalities
high=RAH, wide=LAH
79
normal S2 splitting
on inspiration(young adults)-abnormal=LBBB(expiration), fixed=ASD
80
stenosis vs regurgitation murmurs
stenosis=valve opening problem, regurg=closed valve
81
holo/pansystolic vs crescendo decresendo systolic vs click
mitral/tricuspid regurgitation&VSD vs aortic/pulmonic stenosis&HOCM vs mitral prolapse
82
decrescendo blowing diastolic vs mid diastolic rumble
AR(exhale leaning forward)/PR(inspiration) vs MS(left lateral recumbent)/TS(inspiration)

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