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Renal Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Most common site of fetal obstruction

A

ureteropelvic junction

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2
Q

potters syndrome cause (limb/facial/pulmonary hypoplasia)

A

oligohydramnios

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3
Q

horseshoe kidney association

A

turner syndrome(under IMA)

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4
Q

clearance equation

A

UV/P

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5
Q

RBF equation

A

RPF/(1-Hct)

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6
Q

angiotensin II sites of action

A

efferent arteriole, ADH, NA-H exchange PCT(contraction alkalosis), AT1 vascular SM, aldosterone, hypothalamus

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7
Q

glucose clearance threshold

A

140

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8
Q

RAAS system sensors

A

JG cells=BP, macula densa=Na delivery

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9
Q

ANP mechanism

A

sense atrial pressure, relaxes SM via cGMP, Na loss

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10
Q

NSAIDs renal failure mechanism

A

inhibit prostaglandins that dilate afferent arteriole

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11
Q

anion gap

A

Na-(Cl+HCO3)>12, MUDPILES(normal=HARDASS)

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12
Q

fatty casts in urine

A

nephrotic syndrome

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13
Q

brown casts

A

tubular necrosis

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14
Q

waxy casts

A

chronic/advanced renal disease

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15
Q

nephrotic

A

proteinuria(>3.5), edema, fatty casts, hyperlipidemia

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16
Q

acetazolamide (CA inhibitor) use

A

altitude sickness/alkalosis/glaucoma

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17
Q

loop(furosemide/ethacrynic acid) toxicity

A

oto, low K, gout

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18
Q

thiazide MOA

A

Block DCT NaCl symporter

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19
Q

thiazide toxicity

A

hyperlipid/Ca/uric/glucose, low Na

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20
Q

Angiotensin II SE+mediator

A

dry cough& angioedema-bradykinin

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21
Q

polycystic kidney disease associations

A

hepatic fibrosis(autoRecessive), berry anyeurism(autoD)

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22
Q

Acute renal failure hallmark

A

azotemia, oliguria

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23
Q

BUN:Cr>15

Study These Flashcards
A

pre& early post renal

24
Q

BUN:Cr<15

Study These Flashcards
A

tubular damage(late postrenal)

25
common renal tubular damage drugs
aminoglycosides, heavy metal, myoglobin, ethylene glycol
26
minimal change disease association
Hodgkins Lymphoma(cytokines)
27
minimal change disease pathology
effaced foot processes, selective proteinuria(not IG)
28
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis associations
HIV, heroin, sickle cell(nonresponsive to steroids MCD)
29
membranous associations
SLE, hepB&C, tumors, drugs
30
membranous pathology
subepithelial IC deposition-granular/spike and dome
31
membranoproliferative pathology
tram track(type I-subendothelial-hepB&C, II-basement membrane-C3 nephritic factor)
32
DM kidney pathology
NEglycosylation of basement membrane, hyaline arteriolosclerosis, kimmelstein wilson nodules
33
nephritic syndrome mediator
C5a neurophils
34
PostStrep GN pathology
hypercellular, IC lumpy bumpy
35
rapidly progressive pathology
fibrin+M0 crescents in bowmans space
36
specific rapidly progessive disease pathology
goodpasture-linear(+hemoptysis), pauci immune(no deposits), PSGN/diffuse proliferative(granular)
37
most common SLE renal association
diffuse proliferative GN(also membranous less likely)
38
pauci immune pathology
wegeners-cANCA+lung+nasopharynx, churg-strauss-pANCA/eosinophils/asthma/granulomas, microscopic polyangiitis-pANCA
39
Bergers pathology
mesangium IgA deposits, following mucosal infections
40
alport genes
X-linked type IV collagen, split basement membrane+deaf
41
UTI labs
WBCs, leukocyte esterase, nitrites
42
Vesicoureteral reflux findings
scarring inferior&superior poles
43
chronic pyelonephritis findings
waxy casts, proteinaceous follicles from atrophic tubules
44
most common stone
CaP/oxalate(crohns/hypercalcemia association)
45
AMP(struvite) pathology
urease+(proteus/klebsiella), staghorn, alkaline urine
46
uric acid stone pathology
radiolucent, gout, acidic(Tx alkalinize)
47
cysteine stone association
children, staghorn
48
EPO creation
renal peritubular interstitial cells
49
dialysis association
renal cell carcinoma
50
angiomyolipoma association
tuberous sclerosis
51
renal cell carcinoma paraneoplastic syndromes
EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH excess
52
renal cell genetics
loss VHF tumor suppressor(higher IGF, VEGF, PDGF) von hippel lindau association, chromosome 3
53
most common tumor in kids+pathology
wilms-blastema cells(WT1 mutation)
54
most common lower UT tumor
urothelial carcinoma(bladder) SMOKING, flat or papillary
55
squamous cell lower UT associations
Schistosoma hematobium(Middle eastern male), chronic cystitis, long standing stone
56
adenocarcinoma association
urachal remnant(dome of bladder), exstrophy, cystitis

Board Associations (22 decks)

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