Micro/Immuno Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
polymyositis hypersensitivity
A
type IV
2
Q
infectious RNA type
A
+SSRNA
3
Q
asplenia susceptability
A
encapsulated organisms
4
Q
MUCOR association
A
diabetic ketoacidosis(forms black pus)
5
Q
koplik spots(grey specs on buccal mucosa)
A
rubeola(paramyxovirus)
6
Q
scleroderma antibodies
A
anti-topoisomerase(Scl-70)&anti centromere(CREST)
7
Q
india ink stain
A
cryptococcus neoformans
8
Q
legionella tests
A
silver stain, buffered charcoal yeast(iron/cysteine)
9
Q
NADPH oxidase deficiency susceptability
A
catalase+(Pseudomonas, Listeria, aspergillus, candida, staph, ecoli)
10
Q
protein A function
A
bind Fc region of Ig(s. aureus)
11
Q
shiga(or shiga-like) toxin MOA
A
inhibit 60s ribosome(remove adenine from rRNA)
12
Q
rheumatic fever criteria
A
j<3nes (joint arthritis, carditis, subQ nodules, erythema marginatum, sydenham chorea)
13
Q
CAMP factor
A
strep agalactae(promote s aureus growth)
14
Q
EF2 toxin
A
diptheria toxin, pseudomonas exotoxin A
15
Q
clostridium toxins
A
tetani-block GABA release, botulinum-block Ach release, perfrigens-lecithinase like phospholipase C, difficile-A binds brush border, B destroys enterocytes
16
Q
bacillus anthracis capsule
A
polypeptide- d glutamate
17
Q
tumbling motility&Tx
A
listeria(actin rockets), ampicillin(neonates/immunoC)
18
Q
sulfur granules&Tx
A
actinomyces-penicillin
19
Q
mid-lung Ghon/hilar nodes, virulence factor
A
primary TB, cord factor(inhibit M0 maturation)
20
Q
secondary TB&extrapulmonary sites
A
upper lung caseous granuloma, Potts-vertebrae, CNS, renal, GI, lymph
21
Q
lepromatous vs tuberculoid
A
L-diffuse, TH2 mediated, T-few plaques, TH1 resonse
22
Q
pink on McConkey
A
lactose fermenter(main bugs-Klebsiella/Ecoli)
23
Q
gonorrhea/meningitidis sequelae
A
fitz-hugh-curtis(liver adhesions), waterhouse-friedrichson
24
Q
cherry red epiglottis bug/growth media/capsule type
A
Hib- chocolate- X(heme) and V(NAD+), polyribosylribitol
25
sorbitol non-fermenting Ecoli
EHEC(0157-H7)
26
abdominal rose spots
salmonella typhi(gall bladder carrier)
27
campylobacter growth/associations
42C, comma shape oxidase+, Guillain Barre
28
salmonella vs shigella
salmon-flagella&H2S+, shigella-intracellular
29
flu, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctivitis
Leptospira(weil disease=same+azotemia/hemorrhage)
30
Lyme vector & stages
ixodes tick, 1-bullseye rash 2-AV block/facial nerve palsy 3-arthritis/encephalopathy
31
painless chancre+test
primary syphillis(VDRL)
32
rash on palms& soles, condyloma lata(genital/anal warts)
secondary syphillis
33
tertiary syphillis symptoms
gummas, argyll robertson pupil, tabes dorsalis, aortitis
34
flea diseases
Rickettsia typhi, Yersinia pestis(plaugue via rats)
35
louse diseases
rickettsia prowaseckii(typhus), borrelia recurrentis
36
strawberry tongue/face sparing rash
scarlet fever
37
gardnerella discharge
gray, fishy, clue cells
38
mycoplasma cell, growth& location,
no wall, sterol membrane, eatons agar, prison/military
39
chlamydia trachomatis serotypes
A-C=Chonic African Blindness, D-K=typical STD+neonatal disease, L-lympogranuloma venerum
40
chlamydia infection/growth/cell wall
Elementary(enter), reticular(replicate), Giemsa stain or fluorescent AB, wall has no muramic acid
41
palm&sole rashes
CARS(coxsackie A, RMSF, 2Syphillis)
42
cytoplasmic morula diseases&vectors
granulocyte=anaplasma, monocyte=erlichia, ticks
43
animal placenta disease
coxiella burnetti(Q fever)-pneumonia
44
Typhus causes/disease
endemic-rickettsia typhi(flea), epidemic-R. prowazekii (louse), Trunkal rash that spreads spares palms/soles
45
general mycosis disease/Tx
pneumonia, fluconazole=local, amphotericin B systemic
46
specific mycosis findings
histoplasma-hides(in M0), blastomyces-broad based budding(granulomatous), coccidio-crowds(endospores), paracoccidio-captains wheel around RBC
47
Spaghetti& meatball KOH prep
tinea versicolor(malessezia furfur)-hypopigment
48
ringworm(tinea) organisms
microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton
49
Fungal branching differences&diseases
45/acute=aspergillus(lung granuloma), wide angle=mucor (black from nose then brain-diabetics)
50
cryptococcus neoformans tests/pathology
india ink stain/latex agglutination test, meningitis/soap bubble brain lesions
51
opportunistic fungi
candida, aspergillus, cryptococcus, mucor, pneumo jirovecii, sporothrix schenkii
52
ascending lymph swelling disease/cause
sporothrix schenkii, rose gardner (1st local ulcer/pustule)
53
disc-shaped yeast w/ diffuse interstitial pneumonia
pneumocystis jirovecii
54
foul smelling, fatty diarrhea bug/findings
giardia, trophozoites/cysts in stool(protozoa)
55
entamoeba histolytica findings/diagnosis
bloody diarrhea/liver abscess(anchovy paste exudate), plasma trophozoites/stool cysts(look like eyes)
56
acid fast trophozoite cysts disease
cryptosporidium(mild diarrhea/severe in AIDS)
57
brain abscess ring-enhancing lesions disease/cause
toxoplasma, cat feces cysts
58
naegleria disease/source
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis, freshwater lakes amoebas enter through cribiform plate
59
tsetse fly disease/diagnosis
trypansoma-african sleeping sickness/recurrent fever, blood smear
60
maltese cross/ring form disease/vector
babesia, fever/hemolytic anemia, ixodes tick
61
malaria transmision/diagnosis
mosquito(anopheles), trophozoite ring form blood smear
62
malaria types/differences
plasmosium. vivax/ovale=48hr cycle, malariae=72hr cycle, falciparum=severe w/irregular fevers, kidney/lung/brain.
63
kissing bug disease
chagas disease trypansoma cruzi(dilated CMO/colon)
64
green vaginal discharge disease
trichomonas(trophozoites)
65
leischmaniasis disease/vector/diagnosis
fever/hepatosplenomegaly, sandfly, M0 w/amastigotes
66
roundworm, tapeworm/fluke Tx
bendazoles/pyrantel pamoate. praziquantel
67
pig/fish/dog worms
taenia solium(GI), diphyllobothrium(B12 deficiency), echinococcus(liver casts)
68
fluke transmissions
schistosoma-snails(liver/spleen granulomas, bladder CA), chonorchis-fish(gallstones), paragonimus-crab(lung)
69
live attenuated vaccines
sabins, yellow fever, smallpox, chickepox, MMR, nasal flu
70
recombinant vaccines
HPV, HBV
71
only ssDNA virus
parvovirus(part-of-a virus)-B19
72
non-linear DNA viruses& examples
papilloma, polyoma(JC/BK-junk cerebellum bad kidney), hepadna(HBV)
73
only dsRNA virus
reovirus(rotavirus=common diarrhea villous destruction)
74
only virus not replicating in host nucleus&examples
pox(carries own RNA polymerase) smallpox, molluscum, cowpox
75
DNA virus pneumonic
HHAPPPPy(Herpes, hepadna, adeno, parvo, papilloma, polyoma, pox)
76
Herpesvirus strains
HSV(1 oral 2 genital), VZV, EBV, CMV, roseola-HHV6/7, HHV8-kaposi
77
pink eye cause
adenovirus(also pharyngitis/pneumonia)
78
negative stranded viruses
(always bring polymerase or fail replication) arena, bunya, paramyxo, orthomyxo, filo(ebola), rhabdo(rabies)
79
picornavirus diseases
PERCH-polio, echo(meningitis), rhino(common cold), coxsackie, HAV
80
paramyxoviruses&virulence
PRM-parainfluenza(croup), RSV, measles&mumps. fusion protein=multinucleated respiratory epithelium)
81
flavivirus examples(flavi=yellow)
yellow fever(Aedes mosquito), dengue, stl encephalitis, west nile, HCV
82
togaviruses
Rubella, equine encephalitis'
83
segmented viruses
BOAR(bunya, orthomyxo, arena, reo)
84
EBV vs CMV &associations
CMV-owl's eye, negative monospot. EBV-heterophile AB, burkitts, hodgkins, nasopharyngeal CA
85
Tzanck test(opened vesicle)
finds giant cells=Herpes(also PCR, cowdry A inclusions)
86
measles pathology
koplik spots(white mouth lesions) then descending rash
87
bullet shaped virus
rabies, Negri bodies-cerebellum purkinje cells
88
Hep B signs of chronic infection, immunity, transmission
IgM=acute, IgG=chronic, antiHBs=immune, antiHBe=low transmission, HBeAg-high transmission, HBsAg-active infx
89
prion forms
PrPc=normal protein, PrPsc=beta sheets can't degrade
90
HIV/AIDS tests
ELISA then western blot, CD4<200=AIDS, viral load
91
HIV structural genes
env(gp41=fusion/entry, gp120=attach), gag(capsid), pol(reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase)
92
HIV immune mutation
CCR5(virus binds CCR5-early, CXCR4-late in Tcells, and CD4 &CCR5 in M0)
93
HIV disease w/CD4 <200
pneumocystis jirovecii, JC, cryptosporidium
94
HIV disease w/CD4 <100
histoplasma, esophageal candida, toxoplasma,
95
HIV disease w/CD4<50
mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, CMV, cryptococcus
96
most common mimicking appendicitis
yersinia enterocolitica(salmonella/campy can)
97
congenital infections mother to fetus
toxoplasma, rubella(PDA, cataracts, deaf), CMV(seizures, blueberry muffin rash), HIV, HSV2, syphilis(stillbirth or facial abnormalities, saber shins, CN VIII deafness
98
head-toe rash preceded by conjunctivitis, coryza, cough
Measles(also buccal koplik spots)
99
palms&soles rash+oral ulcers
coxsackie A(hand foot mouth)
100
trunk to face/extremity rash-different stage lesions
VZV(chicken pox)
101
several days of fever then body rash
HHV6(Rubeola-can cause seizures)
102
fever, rash, sore throat
strep pyogenes(scarlet fever)
103
head-toe rash w/ postauricular lymphadenopathy
rubella
104
facial rash only
parvo B19(slap cheek)
105
sulfur granules
actinomyces(oral, branching rods)
106
PAS stain+
tropheryma whipplei
107
thymus selection sites
positive(MHC restriction)-cortex, negative(self)-medulla
108
HLA-A3
hemochromatosis
109
HLA-B27
PAIR(Psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiters)
110
HLA-DQ2/8
celiac disease
111
HLA-DR2
MS, SLE, goodpastures, hay fever
112
HLA-DR3
T1DM, Graves
113
HLA-DR4
RA, T1DM
114
HLA-DR5
B12 deficiency, Hashimoto's
115
B7/CD28 function
costimulatory signal(activate Th cells along w/MHC-TCR)
116
B cell activation
CD40-ligand &MHCII-TCR
117
IL1-5 functions
Hot TBonestEAk(1-fever/inflammation, 2-activate T cells, 3-bone marrow growth/differentiation, 4-IgE/Th2-inhibit Th1/B cell growth, 5-IgA/B cell differentiation/eosinophils
118
Th1/Th2 secretions
IFN-gamma, IL4,5,10,13
119
Regulatory Tcell markers/function
CD3,4,25, anti-inflammatory release IL10/TGF-beta
120
IgM characteristics
Immediate response, pentamer, on B cells
121
specific complement functions-C3b,3a,5a,5b-9
3b-opsonize(bind bacteria), 3a5a-anaphylaxis, 5a-neutrophil chemotaxis, 5b-9-MAC cytolysis
122
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
hereditary angioedema(NO ACE inhibitors)
123
C3 deficiency
recurrent sinus/respiratory infections, T3HS reactions
124
C5-9 deficiency
neisseria infections
125
DAF deficiency
lysis of RBCs&paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
126
IL-6, 8, 12
6-fever/acute phase proteins, 8-neutrophil chemotaxis, 12-activates NK cells, differentiate into Th1
127
immune response modulators
IL-10(inhibits activated T/Th1), TGF-beta
128
interferon functions
antiviral(alpha/beta- degrade viral mRNA, gamma-activate MHC/APC-M0/Th1
129
M0 cell markers
CD14(LPS activates), 40
130
Bugs needing preformed AB Tx
Tetanus/botulinum toxin, HBV, Rabies
131
Type II HS reactions
AI hemolytic anemia, ITP, acute transfusion rxn, rheumatic fever, Goodpastures, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, erythroblastosis fetalis, pernicious anemia
132
Type III HS reactions
SLE, polyarteritis nodosa, Post-strep glomerulonephritis, serum sickness, arthrus reaction
133
Type IV HS reaction
MS, Guillain Barre, graft vs host, PPD, contact dermatitis
134
SLE antibodies
smith/dsDNA, ANA(histone=drug induced lupus)
135
scleroderma antibodies
Scl-70(DNA topoisomerase I), centromere
136
anti-Jo1, SRP, mi-2, CK-MM
dermato/polymyositis
137
Anti SSA/B(Ro/La)
Sjogrens syndrome
138
p-ANCA
Churg-Strauss/microscopic polyangiitis
139
anti-mitochondrial antibodies
primary biliary cirrhosis
140
anti smooth muscle antibodies
autoimmune hepatitis
141
anti-endomysial/tissue transglutamase
celiac disease
142
anti-basement membrane antibodies
goodpastures disease
143
anti-U1 RNP
mixed connective tissue disease
144
x-linked agammaglobulinemia(Brutons)
BTK defect-no B cell maturation-recurrent bacterial infections after 6mo(opsonization defect)
145
selective IgA deficiency
asymptommatic or mucosal infections, blood product anaphylaxis. normal Ig besides low IgA, false+ b-HCG
146
tetany, recurrent viral/fungal infections, heart/great vessel defects, low Ca/PTH/T cells
DiGeorge(22q11 deletion) failure to develop 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches
147
coarse facies, staph abscesses, retained primary teeth, high IgE, eczema
Hyper-IgE(Jobs syndrome) Th1 cells fail to produce IFN-gamma(neutrophils can't respond to chemotaxis)
148
albino, peripheral neuropathy, recurrent staph/strep
chediak-higashi syndrome-LYST-phagosome-lysosome fusion microtubule dysfunction
149
recurrent pusless bacterial infections, delayed umbilical separation
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-LFA-1 integrin protein defect on phagocytes
150
Thrombocytopenic purpura, infections, eczema, high IgE, low IgM
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-X-recessive WAS gene, unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton
151
hyper-IgM syndrome
defective CD40L on helper Tcells-no class switching
152
ataxia-telangiectasia
ATM gene defects-DNA repair enzymes, cerebellar defects, spider angiomas, IgA deficiency, high AFP
153
SCID types
IL2-R, adenosine deaminase deficiency, no thymic shadow/T/B cells Tx-bone marrow transplant
154
drug causing gingival hyperplasia, high BP/lipid/sugar, nephrotoxic, hirsuitism
cyclosporine(bind cyclophilins-inhibit calcineurin)
155
tacrolimus/sirolimus(rapamycin) MOA
inhibit cyclosporin inhibiting calcineurin. inhibits mTOR
156
azithioprine MOA
precursor antimetabolite of 6-MP-toxic to proliferating lymphocytes(allopurinol interaction)
157
Therapeutic antibodies specific targets
muronomab-CD3, infliximab/adalimumab-TNFa, abciximab-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, trastuzumab-HER2, rituximab-CD20, omalizumab-IgE
158
Meningitis differentiation
fungal vs bacterial(lymphocytes vs PMNs), viral= normal glucose, lymphocytes
159
viral UTI's
adenovirus, BK virus, CMV
160
HiB vaccine coverage
meningitis, sepsis, epiglottitis, pneumonia(no sinusitits, otitis media, conjunctivitis)
