Extra Flashcards by Colin McDonald

eye muscarinic

miosis/accomadation(M3-Gq)-glaucoma Tx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

heart muscarinic

nodal(M2-Gi)-decrease rate/conduction-tachycardia Tx(leads to AV Block)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lung muscarinic

bronchioles/glands(M3)-bronchospasm&secretions-dont use agonists in asthma/COPD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GI/genitourinary muscarinic

M3-motility/diarrhea/voiding urine. M1(Gq)-GI gland secretions(acid production)-dont use in peptic ulcers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glands/vessels muscarinic

secretions, dilate blood vessels(only indirect)-use in sjogrens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nicotinic receptor type

ligand gated-Na/K channels(no 2nd messengers)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

direct muscarinic agonists

bethanechol(postop ileus&urinary retention), methacholine (diagnose bronchioles), pilocarpine(glaucoma&xerostomia)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

indirect muscarinic agonists

AChE blockers(no vessel affects), edrophonium(diagnose myastheniaG), physiostygmine(Tx glaucoma, atropine antidote), neostigmine/pyridostigmine(Tx myasthenia/ileus/ NM blockade reversal), donepazil/tacrine(alzheimers), organophosphates(decrease Vmax on curve)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

organophosphate poisening Tx

atropine&pralidoxome(regenerate AChE)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

muscarinic antogonists

atropine(leads to VTach/torasades/behavior/coma/ convulsions)/tropicamide(dilate pupil)/scopolamine(motion)/ ipratropium(asthma)/benztropine&trihexyphenidyl(EPS). (Tx OD w/ physostygmine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

alpha2 agonists action

inhibit NE effects(Gi-cAMP)-platelet aggregation, dec insulin. clonidine/mdopa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

alpha1 agonist action

smooth muscle(Gq-Ca)-increase resistance-decrease renin-phenylephrine(decongestant&eydrops)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

beta1 agonist action

increase HR/conduction/contractility(Gs-cAMP), inc renin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

beta2 agonist action

mostly not innervated(EPI not nor)/vaso&bronchodilate, increase blood sugar/insulin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

D1 agonist action

fenoldapam-kidney/coronary vasodilation(Gs-cAMP)-shock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

nonselective beta agonists vs. selective

isoproterenol(bronchospasm/heart block), B1=dobutamine (CHF), B2(salmeterol, albuterol, terbutaline, ritodrine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

indirect adrenergic agonists

NE releasers-MAO/tyramine, ephedrine, amphetamines. reuptake inh-cocaine/TCA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

alpha blocker nonselective vs selective

pheochromocytoma(phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine)-causes reflex tachy/H2O&Na retention(use w/diuretic/BB). selective-a1=azosin/tamsulosin(BPH/HTN).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

B1 vs B2 blocker uses

SVTs, angina, MI, HTN, CHF(causes AV block-Tx glucagon) vs BAD-bronchospasm/vasospasm/metabolic issues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta blockers w/ ISA

acebutolol(less bradycardia), pindolol(less broncho/vasospasm)- both less hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

beta blocker sedative

propanolol(also inhibits deiodinase), atenolol=non sedative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

beta blockers w/ combined blockade

alpha1-carvedolol/labetolol, K+channel-sotalol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

glaucoma Tx

open=BB(timolol)+muscarinic agonist(pilocarpine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

aminoglycoside toxicity& resistance

nephro/oto+neuromuscular blockade(Ach release), increase in bacterial conjugation enzyme

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phototoxicity

tetracyclines/sulfonamides/quinolones

tetracycline, macrolide/clindamycin resistance

pumps, methylating

clindamycin use

staph aureus osteomyelitis(quinolones in other osteomyelitis)

TMP-SMX&PMM-SDZ use, SE

prophylaxis/Tx-pneumo jirovecii, nocardia. Toxoplasma. kernicterus in kids, stevens johnson, G6PD hemolysis

H Pylori Ulcer Tx

BMT-bismuth, metronidazole, tetracyclines OR clarithromycin, amoxycillin, omeprazole

bactericidal drugs

lactams, aminoglycosides, folic acid/nucleic acid synthesis

imipenam side effect

seizures

aztreonam specifics

only gram negative rods, no cross-allergies

vancomycin resistance&VRSA drugs

d-ala becomes d-lactate, linezolid&streptogramins

RIPE resistance

rifampin-enzyme change(red urine). isoniazid-catalase loss(katG deletion)-B6 deficiency. pyrazinamide-(gout). ethambutol-(color vision loss)

PPAR-gamma regulators

glitazones-increase insulin sensitivity

drugs that decrease glucagon release

GLP1 analog(tide), DPP4 inh(liptin), amylin analog(lintide)

close beta cell K+ channel-Ca induced insulin release

sulfonylureas(amides&ides)-only T2

increase peripheral glucose uptake&glycolysis

metformin DOC-T2(not in renal failure-lactic acidosis)

malignant HTN Tx&MOA

nitroprusside(cGMP-arteriole dilation cyanide toxicity), fenoldapam-D1 agonist-decrease BP increase natriuresis

BB contraindicated in angina

acebutolol pindolol

TG targeting lipid agent

fibrates-upregulate LPL

inhibits lipolysis& reduces VLDL secretion

niacin-strong HDL/LDL effects(tylenol to decrease flush)

ezetimibe vs cole drugs(bile acid resins)

prevent cholesterol resporption vs bile acid resorption

torsades antiarrhythmia classes&drugs

1A(Na channel)-quinidine/procainamide/disopyramide, 3(K channel)-amiodarone/ibutilide/sotalol/dofetilide

Class IB/C, II &IV drugs

1B-(post MI) lidocaine/mexiletine/tocainide, 1C-(rare use) flecainide, propafenone. II-BB, IV-Ca block

SVT DOC &MOA

adenosine-increase K+ out of cell-short acting(no caffeine/theophylline)

HIT MOA

IgG against heparin bound to PF4-activate platelets

LMWH, rudin, warfarin MOA

parins-factor Xa, rudins-inhibit thrombin(use pts w/HIT), gamma carboxylation of VitK

ADP receptor inhibitors vsGP IIb/IIIa inhibitors

clopidigrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor vs abciximab, eptibfibatide, tirofiban. Both for ACS/stenting

drug for claudication, prevention of stroke/TIA/angina

Phosphodiesterase II inh(cilostazol/dipyridamole-inh platelet aggregation

antimetabolite myelosuppression Tx

MTX-leucovorin, 5-FU-thymidine

TRAP+

hairy cell

TDT+

ALL(also CALLA)

cmyc cancer

Burkitts(8;14), starry sky, jaw lesion, EBV

cyclin D1 cancer

mantle cell(11;14), CD5+

CD15, 30 cancer

hodgkins-owl eye(reed sternberg), LOCALIZED, EBV

bcl2 cancer

follicular(14;18)-inhibits apoptosis

back pain+clock face/fried egg plasma cells

multiple myeloma-M spike, light chain IgG

bcr-abl cancer

CML(9;22) inhibit apoptosis, Tx-imatinib

vitamin A respondent cancer

M3 AML(presents as DIC), auer rods

Ca-125, 19-9, AFP cancers

ovarian, pancreatic, hepatocellular/germ cell

SLE nephropathies

nephrotic=membranous, nephritic=diffuse proliferative

IgA nephropathy

bergers(related to Henoch Schonlein purpura)

alport BM defect

split

rapidly progressive(crescentic) diseases

goodpastures, wegeners, microscopic polyangiittis

HTN, dark urine, periorbital edema in kids

post-strep glomerulonephritis

thick basement membrane-spike and dome appearance

membranous nephropathy

HIV/heroin kidney disease

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Hep B/C kidney disease& classic pathology

membranoproliferative-tram track

nodular nephrotic syndrome

diabetic glomerulonephropathy-eosinophilic

Na channel seizure drugs

Phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine. Valproic acid, topirimate.

increased GABA seizure drugs

benzodiazapenes(pams), tigabine, vigabatrin, valproic acid, topirimate

trigeminal neuralgia Tx

carbamazepine-1st line for simple, complex&tonic clonic

1st line seizure Tx in kids

phenobarbital

ca inhibiting anti seizure meds

ethosuxamide, Gabapentin

status epilepticus Tx

benzodiazepines (phenytoin for prophylaxis)

migraine/cluster DOC

sumatriptan

menopause test

very high FSH(lost negative feedback from estrogen)

Kallmen syndrome cause

defection GnRH migration(anosmia/no secondary sex)

leuprolide

GnRH analog-infertility, fibroids, prostate CA

binds brush border preventing carbohydrate uptake

aCARBose, miglitol-alpha glucosidase inhibitors

4th ventricle tumor

ependymoma(perivascular pseudorosettes,blepharoplasts)

cerebellar vermis ataxia tumor

medulloblastoma(homer wright pseudorosettes)

cerebellar tumor-increased ICP-multilocular cyst

pilocytic astrocytoma-rosenthal fibers+GFAP

bonsentan MOA

endothelin-1 competeive antagonist

Fatigue w/ high CK

hypothyroid, statins, daptomycin, muscularD, d/pMyositis

Bergers vs PSGN

days after infection vs weeks

CD55, 59 markers

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

inhibit production of mevalonate

statins-HMGcoA reductase

decrease triglyceride esterification

niacin

case control vs cohort

retrospective vs prospective

Extra Flashcards

(91 cards)