Cardiopulmonary Part Eleven

Question 1

assisted coughing is similar to…

Answer 1

Heimlich maneuver

Question 2

at rest, how many METs are used

Answer 2

1

Question 3

MOI anti-cholinergic drugs

Answer 3

inhibit Ach at parasympathetic nerves, blocking vagal effects on SA and AV nodes of the heart

Question 4

what is huffing

Answer 4

quick exhalations occur after a maximal inspiration

Question 5

what is ischemia (heart)

Answer 5

the obstruction of circulation that results in a temporary deficiency of blood supplied to a certain area of the heart muscle

Question 6

what is heart block

Answer 6

when the spread of electrical excitation to the heart muscle is interrupted or slowed

Question 7

what do calcium channel blockers do

Answer 7

vasodilate and relieve coronary artery spasm

Question 8

how is abdominal pressure in supine compared to all positions and why

Answer 8

increased abdominal pressure

diaphragm moves toward the head

Question 9

what do beta-adrenergic blocking agents do

Answer 9

decrease HR

decrease BP

decrease contractility

decrease SV

Question 10

how to calculate age-predicted max HR

Answer 10

220-patient’s age

Question 11

normal PaO2

Answer 11

75-100

Question 12

normal HCO3

Answer 12

23-29

Question 13

what is percussion for secretion removal

Answer 13

cupped hands are rhythmically applied to the thorax

Question 14

is lateral lung diameter increased or decreased in prone compared to upright

Answer 14

prone: lateral diameter increased

Question 15

for cardiopulmonary, what do anti-cholinergic drugs do

Answer 15

used with IV block

or

bradycardia

Question 16

obstructive disease is characterized by…

Answer 16

reductions in airflow with or without reductions in vital capacity

Question 17

what position is anteroposterior lung expansion greatest

Answer 17

sitting/upright

Question 18

low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with

Answer 18

arterial damage

Question 19

forced expiration techniques are used for what disease

Answer 19

COPD

Question 20

what ratio is important in reducing the risk of heart disease

Answer 20

LDL/HDL

Question 21

normal hemoglobin

Answer 21

12-16

Question 22

normal pH

Answer 22

7.35-7.45

Question 23

what type of drug is given to a patient with heart block

Answer 23

atropine

Question 24

what are nitrates

Answer 24

drugs that primarily dilate blood vessels

Question 25

what is infarction

Answer 25

an area of necrotic tissue that results from a loss of blood supply to that area

Question 26

high-density lipoproteins (HDL) promote...

Answer 26

removal of cholesterol by the liver

Question 27

how can calcium-channel blockers negatively affect the heart

Answer 27

could reduce blood flow to the heart muscle creating an ischemic response

Question 28

what are lipoproteins

Answer 28

proteins that carry fat in the blood for delivery to the cells

Question 29

following a thoracotomy or in unilateral lung conditions (atelectasis, pneumonia), what is the ideal position in side-lying and why

Answer 29

affected side is positioned uppermost to improve ventilation/perfusion ratio

Question 30

right coronary artery block could result in

Answer 30

arrhythmias (fatal)

Question 31

what is a restrictive disease

Answer 31

decreased vital capacity with normal expiratory airflows

Question 32

most comfortable position for those with pulmonary complications

Answer 32

sitting/upright

Question 33

normal Hematocrit

Answer 33

male: 40-54% female: 37-47%

Question 34

right sided heart failure results in

Answer 34

peripheral edema

Question 35

how to assist or stimulate a cough

Answer 35

compress the trachea just above the sternal notch encourage the patient to huff

Question 36

what is digitalis

Answer 36

drug that slows heart rate and increases contractility

Question 37

with increased intracranial pressure, what position should be limited/avoided

Answer 37

head down

Question 38

when do serum enzymes appear in circulation

Answer 38

following the death of cardiac muscle cells

Question 39

what is shaking for secretion removal

Answer 39

follows inspiration with a "bouncing" of the rib cage

Question 40

how to decrease dyspnea and increase efficiency of breathing

Answer 40

pursed lip breathing paced breathing (with activity or exercise)

Question 41

normal PaCO2

Answer 41

35-45

Question 42

left coronary artery blockage could result in

Answer 42

LV failure (--> pulmonary edema)

Question 43

ADLs require how many METs

Answer 43

5

Question 44

suffix for all beta-blockers:

Answer 44

"olol"

Question 45

left sided heart failure results in

Answer 45

pulmonary edema

Question 46

side effects of anti-cholinergic drugs

Answer 46

palpitations headache restlessness ataxia dry mouth blurred vision

Question 47

for arterial oxygen saturation, if percentage falls below __%, there is need for supplemental oxygen

Answer 47

below 88%

Question 48

appropriate way to measure exercise tolerance for a patient on beta-blockers

Answer 48

HR inappropriate perceived exertion scale appropriate