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The Nervous System Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are ventricles

A

Cavities filled with CSF and communicate with each other and with spinal cord canal

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2
Q

What are nuclei in neurons

A

Compact groups of nerve cell bodies

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3
Q

Types of nerve fibers

A

A
B
C

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4
Q

Where are enlargements on the spinal cord and what do they do

A

Cervical and lumbosacral

origins of nerves of upper and lower extremities

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5
Q

What are neuroglia

A

Support cells that don’t transmit signals

important for myelin and neuron production

maintenance of K+ levels

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6
Q

Two parts of thalamus

A

Sensory nuclei

Motor nuclei

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7
Q

What do projection neurons do

A

Carry impulses to other parts of CNS

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8
Q

are A fibers fast and large

A

A fibers are fast and large

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9
Q

What do Anterior horns contain

A

Efferent (motor) neurons

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10
Q

What does dura mater form

A

Falx tentorium

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11
Q

What does medulla oblongotta do

A

Connects spinal cord

to

pons

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12
Q

What is the dura mater

A

Outer layer

Tough, fibrous membrane

Attached to inner surface of the cranium

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13
Q

Where does the spinal cord run

A

Foramen magnum

to

lower border of first lumbar vertebra in conus medullaris

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14
Q

What is the arachnoid meninge

A

Delicate and vascular membrane

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15
Q

What do projection fibers do

A

Connect cerebral hemispheres with other portions of the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What do association fibers do

A

Connect different portions of the cerebral hemispheres (allowing cortex to function as an integrated whole)

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17
Q

What do posterior horns contain

A

Afferent (sensory)

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18
Q

What is periaqueductal gray important for

A

Endorphin-producing cells

descending autonomic tracts

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19
Q

What do alpha motor neurons do

A

Affect muscles

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20
Q

What do sensory nuclei do (thalamus)

A

Integrate and relay sensory info from body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste receptors to cerebral cortex and subcortical regions

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21
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus

A

Primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation

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22
Q

Three types of white matter

A

Transverse fibers
Projection fibers
association fibers

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23
Q

What is Wernicke’s area

A

Language comprehension

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24
Q

The primary visual cortex is in…

A

Occipital lobe

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25
What does the central sulcus separate
Frontal lobe from parietal lobe
26
What is the inferior colliculus important for
Relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes
27
The percent real gurus, prefrontal cortex, and Brock’s area are in...
Frontal lobe
28
Where is the 4th ventricle
Pons and medulla
29
What do other nuclei in the thalamus do
Assist in integration of visceral and somatic functions
30
What is basal ganglia
Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemisphere
31
What does prefrontal cortex do
Controls emotions and judgements
32
What is the exception for sensory nuclei
Smell
33
Are C fibers large, myelinated, fast
C fibers: Smallest Unmyelinated Slowest conducting
34
What is the substantia nigra important for
Motor control and muscle tone
35
What do pons do
Connect medulla oblongata to midbrain
36
What does the longitudinal cerebral fissure separate
Two hemispheres
37
what does the third ventricle communicate with and how
Communicates with Fourth Ventricle via Cerebral Aqueduct
38
What do synapses do
Allow communications between neurons (chemical/electrical signals passed)
39
four types of A fibers and what do they don
Alpha - proprioception, somatic motor Beta - touch, pressure Gamma - motor to muscle spindles Delta - pain, temperature, touch
40
What do cell bodies do
Receptive surface area to receive information via synapses
41
What does hypothalamus do
Integrates and controls ANS maintains homeostasis
42
Wernicke’s area is in...
Temporal lobe
43
What does the limbic system do
Instincts and emotions contributing to preservation of the individual (feeding, aggression, emotions, endocrine aspects of sexual response)
44
What do both lateral ventricles communicate with and how do they get there
communicates with third ventricle via Foramen of Monro
45
The postcentral gyrus is in...
Parietal lobe
46
What does the lateral central fissure separate
Temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobes
47
What is the precentral gyrus
Primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation
48
Are A fibers myelinated
Yes
49
What do transverse fibers do
Interconnect the two hemispheres
50
What are motor nuclei
Relay motor info from cerebellum and globus pallidus to precentral motor cortex
51
What does the subthalamus do
Control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and reticular function
52
How many meninges are there and what are they
3 Dura Mater Arachnoid Pia Mater
53
Three main portions of neurons
Cell bodies (with dendrites) Axons Synapses
54
how many ventricles are there
4
55
What is the pia mater
Thin, vascular membrane that covers brain surface
56
Are B fibers large, myelinated, and fast
B fibers: Small Myelinated Conduct less rapidly
57
What are nuclei in the PNS called
Ganglia
58
What is the subarachnoid space | formed by, contains
Formed by arachnoid and pia mater contains CSF, cisterns, major arteries
59
What does Broca’s area do
Controls motor aspects of speech
60
What is white matter
Myelinated nerve fibers located centrally
61
What does habenular nuclei do
Integrates olfactory, visceral, and somatic afferent pathways
62
Where is the insula and what does it do
Deep within lateral sulcus associated with visceral functions
63
What do axons do
Conduct impulses away from cell body
64
Describe the central gray matter in the cord
Two anterior (ventral) horns two posterior (dorsal) horns United by gray commissure with central canal
65
Two types of efferent neurons in Anterior horn
Alpha | Gamma
66
What does midbrain do
Connect pons to cerebrum
67
The primary auditory cortex is in...
Temporal lobe
68
What does the pineal gland do
Secrete hormones that influence the pituitary gland and several other organs Circadian rhythm
69
What do gamma motor neurons do
Muscle spindles
70
how many segments in the spinal cord and how are they dividided
30 total 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral a few coccygeal segments
71
Two parts of epithalamus
Habenular nuclei Pineal gland
72
What is the superior colliculus important for
Relay station for vision and visual reflexes

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