Cardiopulmonary Part Three

Question 1

how do PVCs look on EKG

Answer 1

no P wave

wide QRS (premature)

Question 2

what is ventricular tachycardia

Answer 2

a run of three or more PVCs occurring sequentially

Question 3

what is intermittent claudication

Answer 3

pain, cramping, and lower extremity fatigue occurring during exercise and relieved by rest

Question 4

pitting edema AKA

Answer 4

indentation

Question 5

what is orthopnea

Answer 5

inability to breathe when in reclining or supine position

Question 6

normal values of pulse oximetry

Answer 6

95-100%

Question 7

what do ventricle arrhythmias form form

Answer 7

ectopic focus in the ventricles

Question 8

what is to be expected with skin temperature with poor arterial perfusion

Answer 8

decreased skin temperature

Question 9

what do nitrates do to heart rate

Answer 9

increases heart rate

Question 10

when does the ST segment become depressed

Answer 10

impaired coronary perfusion (ischemia or injury)

Question 11

CHF: symmetrical or assymetrical edema

Answer 11

bilateral

Question 12

what is bradypnea

Answer 12

decrease of RR under 10 breaths per minute

Question 13

what can crackles indicate

Answer 13

secretions in the lungs

Question 14

what is non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT)

Answer 14

3 or more consecutive beats in duration, terminating spontaneously in less than 30 seconds

Question 15

what is dyspnea

Answer 15

shortness of breathe

Question 16

what is rubor

Answer 16

dependent redness with PAD

Question 17

what are premature ventricular contractions

Answer 17

premature beat resulting from the ventricle

Question 18

where is pain typically for IC

Answer 18

mostly the calves

but can be in the thigh, hips, or buttocks

Question 19

BPM of:

atrial tachycardia

atrial flutter

fibrillation

Answer 19

AT: 140-250

AF: 250-350

fibrillation: over 300

Question 20

what is orthostatic hypotension

Answer 20

drop in BP that accompanies change from supine to standing

Question 21

what atrioventricular block is life threatening

Answer 21

third degree

Question 22

what is anoxia

Answer 22

complete lack of oxygen

Question 23

what is hypoxia

Answer 23

low oxygen level in the tissues

Question 24

what is Holter monitoring

Answer 24

continuous ambulatory EKG monitoring via tape recording of cardiac rhythm for up to 24 hours

Question 25

what needs to happen after ventricular fibrillation

Answer 25

CPR

Question 26

what does hypothermia do to heart rate

Answer 26

slows it

Question 27

what atrioventricular block requires inplantation of a surgical cathetar

Answer 27

third degree

Question 28

what is tachypnea

Answer 28

increase in respiratory rate over 22 breaths per minute

Question 29

how many PVCs are considered serious

Answer 29

over 6 per minute paired, in sequential runs, multifocal, very early

Question 30

ventricular tachycardia is the result of

Answer 30

ischemic ventricle

Question 31

what is hypoxemia

Answer 31

abnormally low amount of oxygen in the blood

Question 32

is ventricular fibrilation a medical emergency

Answer 32

YES

Question 33

intermittent claudication is associated with...

Answer 33

peripheral artery disease

Question 34

if there is no CPR, what happens with ventricular fibrillation

Answer 34

death within 4-6 minutes

Question 35

what is clubbing

Answer 35

curvature of fingernails with soft tissue enlargement at base of the nail

Question 36

Grading Scale for Edema (all)

Answer 36

1+: mild, barely perceptible indentation (less than 1/4 inch pitting) 2+: moderate, easily identified depression; returns to normal within 15 seconds (1/4-1/2 inch pitting) 3+: severe, depression takes 15-30 seconds to rebound (1/2-1inch pitting) 4+: very severe, depression lasts for over 30 seconds (over 1 inch pitting)

Question 37

how is ventricular fibrillation described (heart stuff)

Answer 37

chaotic activity of ventricles originating from multiple foci

Question 38

what time of the day is IC pain worst

Answer 38

night

Question 39

what is ventricular fibrillation (in general)

Answer 39

pulseless situation

Question 40

what is pitting edema

Answer 40

depression is maintained when finger is pressed firmly

Question 41

what does digitalis do to EKG

Answer 41

depresses ST segment flattens T wave QT shortens

Question 42

do premature ventricular contractions occur in the normal population

Answer 42

yes occurs occasionally in the majority of the normal population

Question 43

what is hyperpnea

Answer 43

increase in depth and rate of breathing

Question 44

clubbing is indicative of

Answer 44

chronic oxygen deficiency chronic pulmonary disease heart failure

Question 45

definition of "neurological level" related to SCIs

Answer 45

most caudal segment that still maintains normal motor and sensory function on BOTH sides of the body

Question 46

qualifications for orthostatic hypotension

Answer 46

systolic drops over 20mmHg diastolic drops over 10mmHg

Question 47

purpose of a volumeter

Answer 47

measuring girth with irregular body parts (such as hand or foot)

Question 48

what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 48

sudden inability to breathe occurring during sleep

Question 49

what are atrial arrhytmias

Answer 49

rapid and repetitive firing of one or more ectopic foci in the atria

Question 50

what does pulse oximetry measure

Answer 50

degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)