Neuromuscular Part Five

Question 1

what is an “incomplete” SCI

Answer 1

they have motor OR sensory preserved below level of injury

Question 2

heterotopic bone changes (late stage) can lead to…

Answer 2

ankylosing joints

Question 3

quadriplegia injury occurs between what nerve roots

Answer 3

C1-C8

Question 4

for SCIs, selective stretching should be performed.. what is an example of selective stretching

Answer 4

tenodesis grip

Question 5

vertebrobasilar strokes commonly display ____ palsy

Answer 5

pseudobulbar palsy

Question 6

weak hip flexors in gait lead to…

Answer 6

circumduction

ER with ADD

posterior lean of trunk

flexion synergy

Question 7

secondary brain injury examples

Answer 7

hypoxic-ischemic

swelling/edema

electrolyte imbalance

Question 8

in addition to musculoskeletal and neuro targets, what else should be strengthened for stroke patients

Answer 8

improve respiratory and oromotor function

Question 9

what type of wheelchair is required for SCIs C1-C4

Answer 9

electric wheelchair with tilt-in-space/reclining back

Question 10

a cauda equina injury is an injury below what level

Answer 10

L1

Question 11

posterior cord syndrome: what is preserved

Answer 11

preservation of motor function, sense of pain, light touch

Question 12

what is autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 12

emergency situation where a noxious stimulus precipitates a pathological autonomic reflex

Question 13

what is a focal injury

Answer 13

contusions, lacerations, mass effect from hemorrhage and edema

Question 14

common gait patterns post-stroke

Answer 14

Trendelenberg

scissoring

insufficient pelvic rotation during swing

Question 15

“a saw-tooth P wave” best describes what thing on EKGs

Answer 15

atrial flutter

Question 16

what wheelchair is used for SCIs C6

Answer 16

manual wheelchair with friction surface hand rim

Question 17

what is heterotropic bone formation

Answer 17

abnormal bone growth in soft tissues

Question 18

what is a diffuse axonal injury

Answer 18

disruption and tearing of axons and small blood vessels from shear-strain of angular acceleration

Question 19

what should you do for someone experiencing autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 19

elevate head and check empty catheter

Question 20

right hemisphere stroke description of patient

Answer 20

impulsive

quick

indifferent

poor judgement/safety

overestimating abilities

Question 21

quadriplegia affects what part of the body

Answer 21

all four extremities and trunk

Question 22

what is sympathetic storming the result of

Answer 22

hypothalamic stimulation of the SNS with an increase in circulating corticoids and catecholamines

Question 23

scissoring gait indicates…

Answer 23

spastic adductors

Question 24

left hemisphere stroke description of patient

Answer 24

slow

cautious

hesitant

insecure

Question 25

what is atrial flutter

Answer 25

atrial tachycardia

Question 26

symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 26

HTN bradycardia headache diaphoresis flushing diplopia convulsions

Question 27

for patients with right hemisphere lesions, what is a bad way to communicate

Answer 27

demonstrations/gestures

Question 28

the rapid rate with atrial flutter does what to the ventricles

Answer 28

decreased filling time (= decreased amounts of blood being ejected from the heart)

Question 29

what parts of the body are affected by paraplegia

Answer 29

LEs and trunk

Question 30

for wheelchairs with propulsion aids, what muscles need to be intact for someone using it

Answer 30

elbow flexors, shoulder function

Question 31

what wheelchair is used for SCIs C5

Answer 31

manual chair with propulsion aid

Question 32

what type of gait pattern is used with SCI T6-T9

Answer 32

swing-to

Question 33

what type of special intervention is good for strokes to regain movement

Answer 33

constraint-induced movement therapy

Question 34

diaphragm innervation and nerve roots

Answer 34

phrenic nerve C3-C5

Question 35

paraplegia involves what nerve roots

Answer 35

T1-T12/L1

Question 36

Sequential Recovery Stages from Stoke (ALL)

Answer 36

Stage 1: initial flaccidity, no voluntary movement Stage 2: emergence of spasticity, hyperreflexia, synergies Stage 3: voluntary movement possible, but only in synergies; strong spasticity Stage 4: voluntary control in isolated joint movements emerging, corresponding decline of spasticity and synergies Stage 5: increasing voluntary control out of synergy; coordination deficits present Stage 6: control and coordination near normal

Question 37

what type of AFO is required for supervised ambulation with SCIs T6-T9

Answer 37

KAFO bilateral

Question 38

best way to communicate with someone with a right hemisphere lesion

Answer 38

verbal cues

Question 39

anterior cord syndrome symptoms

Answer 39

loss of motor function loss of pain and temperature preservation of light touch, proprioception, position sense

Question 40

best way to communicate with someone with a left hemisphere lesion

Answer 40

gestures

Question 41

symptoms of heterotopic bone formation

Answer 41

soft tissue swelling pain erythema

Question 42

specifically to respiratory training for strokes, what should be worked on

Answer 42

chest expansion diaphramatic breathing

Question 43

what is a "complete" SCI

Answer 43

no sensory or motor function below level of lesion

Question 44

symptoms of sympathetic storming

Answer 44

alterations in level of consciousness increased posturing dystonia HTN hyperthermia tachycardia tachypnea diaphoresis agitation

Question 45

for Modified Ashworth Scale, how to test elbow flexors

Answer 45

maximum flexion

Question 46

what wheelchair is used for SCIs C8-T1

Answer 46

manual wheelchair with standard hand rims

Question 47

primary brain injury examples

Answer 47

diffuse axonal injury focal injury coup-contracoup

Question 48

generally what shoulder exercise is contraindicated for post-stroke

Answer 48

overhead pulleys

Question 49

heterotropic bone formation AKA

Answer 49

ectopic bone

Question 50

what is spinal shock

Answer 50

transient period of reflex depression and flaccidity (may last for several hours or 24 weeks)