Neuromuscular Part Three

Question 1

using aquatic therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta.. why

Answer 1

increase strength

Question 2

what is cerebral angiography

Answer 2

x-rays of skull after injection of dye into carotid or vertebral arteries or both

Question 3

what is myelography

Answer 3

x-rays of spine after injection of air or dye into subarachnoid space

Question 4

where is athetosis most common

Answer 4

UEs

Question 5

difference between peresis and paralysis

Answer 5

paeresis - weakness

paralysis - loss of voluntary motion

Question 6

cerebral angiographies have largely been replaced with…

Answer 6

MRI

Question 7

ventriculography is useful with…

Answer 7

increased intracranial pressures

Question 8

what is decorticate posture

Answer 8

UE flexion

LE extension

Question 9

purpose of myelography

Answer 9

deliniates abnormalities impinging on subarachnoid space

Question 10

following SCIs, IN GENERAL, what is displayed

Answer 10

paraplegia or tetraplegia (quadriplegia)

Question 11

what conditions are common with opisthotonos posturing

Answer 11

severe meningitis

tetanus

epilepsy

strychnine position

Question 12

difference between flaccidity and hypotonia

Answer 12

flaccidity - absent tone

hypotonia - reduced tone

Question 13

what is ventriculography

Answer 13

x-rays of skull after injection of air into lateral ventricles

Question 14

what is opisthotonos posture

Answer 14

knees flex to touch ass

head, back, and heels arch backward

hands and arms rigid flexion

Question 15

what tract is affected with a positive Babinski

Answer 15

corticospinal (pyramidial)

Question 16

what is the positive Babinski response

Answer 16

dorsiflexion of great toe with fanning of other toes in response to stroking lateral side of the sole of the foot

Question 17

where is dye injected with cerebral angiographies

Answer 17

carotid or vertebral arteries or both

Question 18

reflex scoring scale (all)

Answer 18

0 - absent

1+ - tone change, no visible movement of extremity

2+ - visible movement of extremities

3+ - exaggerated, full movement of extremities

4+ - obligatory and sustained movement for >30 seconds

Question 19

what muscles are involved with tics

Answer 19

face

head

neck

shoulder

Question 20

the Modified Ashworth grades what?

Answer 20

spasticity

Question 21

what is chorea

Answer 21

relatively quick twitches or dancing movements

Question 22

what is decerebrate posture

Answer 22

rigid extension all four limbs

and trunk and neck

Question 23

rigidity is seen with lesions to what part of the brain

Answer 23

basal ganglia

Question 24

corticol disorders will display

Answer 24

epileptic seizures

tonic/conic convulsive movements

Question 25

overwork weakness/injury is common with what pathologies

Answer 25

postpolio DMD

Question 26

what is athetosis

Answer 26

slow, irregular, twisting, sinous movements

Question 27

CNS/central fatigue is common with what pathologies

Answer 27

MS ALS chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 28

where is there weakness with neuropathies

Answer 28

distal

Question 29

what is an example of superficial cutaneous reflex

Answer 29

light scratch

Question 30

UMN produce flaccidity or spasticity?

Answer 30

spasticity

Question 31

where is air injected to for myelography

Answer 31

subarachnoid space

Question 32

where is air injected to for ventriculographies

Answer 32

lateral ventricles

Question 33

what does ventriculography help to localize

Answer 33

tumors

Question 34

what are tics

Answer 34

spasmodic contractions of specific muscles

Question 35

complications with myelographies

Answer 35

dye may result in meningeal irritation

Question 36

what is rigidity

Answer 36

increased resistance to PROM that is independent of velocity of mvoement

Question 37

what are superficial cutaneous reflexes

Answer 37

normally occurring reflexes in response to noxious stimulus to the skin

Question 38

in general, what type of pathology is abnormal synergy patterns seen with

Answer 38

UMN lesions

Question 39

with spasticity, is there increased resistance to PROM?

Answer 39

you betcha

Question 40

Neural/myoneural fatigue is common with what pathologies

Answer 40

MS postpolio syndrome Guillan-barre

Question 41

what are brain MRIs good at

Answer 41

acute bleeding (hemmorhage for a stroke) cerebral edema (3 days post stroke) cerebral infarction (3-5 days post stroke)

Question 42

intention tremor occuring when voluntary movement is attempted is common with...

Answer 42

cerebellar disorders

Question 43

what is tremor

Answer 43

continous quivering, oscillatory movement

Question 44

what is the clasp-knife response

Answer 44

marked resistance to PROM suddenly gives way

Question 45

following CVAs, IN GENERAL, what is displayed

Answer 45

hemiparesis or hemiplegia

Question 46

what is the clasp-knife response seen with

Answer 46

spastic hypertonia (UMN)

Question 47

Modified Ashworth grades (all)

Answer 47

0 - no increase in muscle tone 1 - slight increase in muscle tone, minimal reistance at end of ROM 1+ - slight increase in muscle tone, minimal resistance through less than half of ROM 2 - more marked increase in muscle tone through most of ROM, affected part easily moved 3 - considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult 4 - affected part rigid in flexion or extension

Question 48

two types of rigidity and their differences

Answer 48

leadpipe - uniform throughout range cogwheel - interrupted by a series of jerks

Question 49

where is there weakness with myopathies

Answer 49

proximal