Cardiovascular Misc

Question 1

Besides vasodilation both Nipride and nitro have what effects? and why?

Answer 1

Bronchodilator

d/t NO action

Question 2

how does NO (nitric Oxide) cause vasodilation

Answer 2

released from endothelial cells - activates soluble gaudily cyclase (sGC) - converts guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to the 2nd messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) - cGMP causes smooth muscle dilation (thus both bronchial and vascular)

Question 3

name the action and other name of drug:

Hydralizine

Answer 3

Apresoline

Arterial dilator

Question 4

name the action and other name of drug:

Nitroglycerine

Answer 4

Nitro

Venodilator

Question 5

name the action and other name of drug:

Nitroprusside

Answer 5

Nipride

Arterial and Venous dilator

Question 6

what kind of hypertrophy is IHSS?

Answer 6

Concentric

Question 7

What is the one heart condition unlike all others?

Answer 7

IHSS

Question 8

With IHSS is the myocardial dysfunction caused by anything that the other concentric hypertrophy d/o are from? AKA pressure (HTN)

Answer 8

nope

Question 9

IHSS:
What do you want to do with 
HR?
Rhythm?
Preload?
Afterload?
Contractility?

Answer 9

Maintain HR
Sinus
High preload (full)
After load up
decrease contractility

Question 10

how can you remember what worsens and makes IHSS better?

Answer 10

Old Cats Pee Alot 
first line increases / 2nd decreases
O increased / increased
C Increased / decreased
P Decreased / Increased
A Decreased / Increased

Question 11

w/ IHSS what may the A-line wave form look like

Answer 11

Bifid (bisferiens pulse)

Question 12

What is an ideal vasopressor for IHSS

Answer 12

Phenyelphrine

Question 13

Valve lesions: AR

what is the anesthetic goals

Answer 13

Fast (increase HR)
Full (increase preload)
Forward (decrease after load)

Question 14

What type of murmur is heard and where at wit AR?

Answer 14

Diastolic

left sternal boarder

Question 15

what pressor and why is good for AR

Answer 15

ephedrine

Forward movement

Question 16

Valve lesions: MR

what you wanna do

Answer 16

Increase HR
decrease after load
normal preload (increase worsens regurg and decrease lowers CO)

Question 17

What do u want to do with HR to all pts with and rugurg

Answer 17

Increase it

Question 18

What do u wanna do with all pts after load with regurg

Answer 18

Decrease it

Question 19

Valve lesions: MR

Chronic MR is d/t what (usually)

Answer 19

Rheumatic fever

Question 20

Valve lesions:AS

what you wanna do

Answer 20

Decrease HR
Keep in NSR
Maiintain preload and afterload

Question 21

What is a good pressor for AS and why?

Answer 21

Phenylephrine

B/c decrease HR

Question 22

what is normal AV area

Answer 22

2.5-3.5 cm2

Question 23

what is the AV for severe AS

Answer 23

0.8-1 cm2

Question 24

what type and where is the murmur heard for AS

Answer 24

Systolic

right 2nd intercostal space

Question 25

when are spinals and epidurals contraindicated w/ AS

Answer 25

when it's severe

Question 26

Valve lesions:MS | what you wanna do

Answer 26

``` decrease HR (gives more time for LV to fill) Maintain pre/afterload ```

Question 27

what type and where is the murmur for MS

Answer 27

diastolic | Apex