Peripheral Nervous System "SNS)

Question 1

The Peripheral Nervous system has 2 divisions what are they?

Answer 1

somatic

Autonomic

Question 2

the somatic nervous system sends Motor (efferent) impulses to where?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle 
(does not have a junction as the Autonomic does)

Question 3

The autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions. what are they?

Answer 3

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

Sympathetic PREganglionic nerves generally have _____ lengths. While sympathetic POSTganglionic neurons have ______ lengths

Answer 4

short lengths (preganglionic)
Long Lengths ( post ganglionic)

Question 5

Parasympathetis PREganglionic nerves generally have ______ lengths. While Parasympathetic POSTganglionic neurons have _____ lengths.

Answer 5

Long lengths (preganglionic)
Short Lengths (postganglionic)

Question 6

What is the predominant NT in the periphery

Answer 6

ACh

Question 7

the Autonomic division is also termed the what division?

Answer 7

Visceral Efferent division

Question 8

what is a ganglion

Answer 8

A peripheral collection of nerve cell bodies

Question 9

how can you tell the autonomic division vs the somatic division

Answer 9

the autonomic division has an interruption

Question 10

is the peripheral nervous system protected by bones?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

explain the Parasympathetic Nervous system

include Pre and post ganglion fiber, and NT

Answer 11

Long preganglionic
Short Postgangionic
preganglionic and Postgangliionic NT ACH
Cholinergic fibers

Question 12

What type of fibers are the PNS?

Answer 12

Cholinergic

Question 13

explain the sympathetic Nervous system

include Pre and post ganglion fiber, and NT

Answer 13

Short pre
Long post
Pre NT ACh
Post NT NE
Adrenergic Fibers

Question 14

What type of fibers are the SNS

Answer 14

Adrenergic

Question 15

what part of the Autonomic division is the odd ball and why?

Answer 15

Adrenal Medulla
b/c it has to Post ganglionic, the preganglionic fiber goes directly to adrenal medulla and releases ACh then the adrenal medulla releases hormones epi and NE

Question 16

what does the somatic divisions nerve fiber look like?

Answer 16

1 long uninterrupted neuron

from cord to skeletal muscle

Question 17

What NT does the Somatic division release at the nerve terminal?

Answer 17

ACh

Question 18

What receptors are found on tissues innervated by the PNS

Answer 18

Muscarinic

Question 19

What receptors are found at the autonomic ganglion on the cells of the adrenal medulla and motor end-plate of skeletal muscle?

Answer 19

Nicotinic

Question 20

receptors can be what 2 types?

Answer 20

ion channels (open)
G-protein coupled (2nd messengers)

Question 21

What type of receptor is the nicotinic

Answer 21

Ion channel

Question 22

What type of receptor is the muscarinic

Answer 22

G -protein

Question 23

How would you know if it is a muscarinic receptor?

Answer 23

it’s at the tissue

Question 24

see page 32 of sweat book to see the receptor sites

Answer 24

look at muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 25

what is the other name for the SNS

Answer 25

thoracolumbar

Question 26

The SNS or thoracolumbar system outflow arises from what segments

Answer 26

T-1 to L2 (or L3)

Question 27

Most sympathetic PREganglionic neurons synapse with the POSTganglionic fibers where?

Answer 27

paravertebral ganglion (side note.. this is right next to the spinal cord thus the reason for SNS has a Short preganglionic and long post

Question 28

the Sympathetic cardiac accelerators arise from where?

Answer 28

T1-T4

Question 29

The stellate ganglion is formed by what?

Answer 29

the inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglion

Question 30

tell me 3 ways to know that it is the SNS

Answer 30

Short pre Long post Arise from thoracic or lumbar

Question 31

In The SNS or thoracolumbar system all PREganglionic fibers pass through what?

Answer 31

white rami

Question 32

In The SNS or thoracolumbar system some not all POSTganglionic fibers pass through what

Answer 32

Gray ramus

Question 33

When presynaptic alpha-2 receptors are stimulated by NE or any other drug with alpa-2 receptor agonist activity, the synthesis and release of NE is decreased, this is called what?

Answer 33

Negative feedback system

Question 34

What is the order of the breakdown of NE

Answer 34

Diffuse away from receptor Reuptake (80%) MOA and COMT

Question 35

what is MOA

Answer 35

MonoAminoOxydase

Question 36

What is COMT

Answer 36

Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase

Question 37

What is the synthesis of NE (end with Epi)

Answer 37

``` Tyrosine L-Dopa Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine ```

Question 38

entry of what ion at the nerve terminal is required to release a NT

Answer 38

Calcium

Question 39

what are 2 agents that should be avoided in pts taking MAOi's and why?

Answer 39

indirect acting sympathomimetics (ephedrine) opioid Meperdine -B/c both trigger release of NE and may cause HTN crisis

Question 40

what do the receptors do? | Alpha 1

Answer 40

Vasoconstriction | Increased Inotropy

Question 41

what do the receptors do? | Alpha 2

Answer 41

Decreased outflow of SNS Inhibit NE release Vasodilation Decreased Chronotropy

Question 42

what do the receptors do? | Beta 1

Answer 42

Increased Inotropy Increased Chronotrophy Increased Dromotropy

Question 43

what do the receptors do? | Beta 2

Answer 43

Increased Inotropy Increased Chronotropy Peripheral Vasodilation Bronchodilation

Question 44

What does Alpha 2 receptors do for pain

Answer 44

stimulation of Alpha-2 receptors in the substantial gelatinosa of the spinal cord promotes analgesia