Physics and Chemistry-Transport process Flashcards
(19 cards)
who’s law describes diffusion
Fick’s law of diffusion
what is the formula for are of diffusion?
Diffusion = (P1-P2) x (Area) x (solubility)
_________________________________
(membrane thickness) x ( Square root of MW)
Fick’s law of diffusion:
what 3 things are Directly proportional to diffusion rate (hint they are whats on top in the equation)
Partial pressure gradient
membrane area
solubility of gas in membrane
Fick’s law of diffusion:
What 2 things are INDIRECTLY proportional to diffusion rate (hint they are whats on the bottom in the equation)
membrane thickness
Square root of MW
Fick’s law of diffusion of gasses explains what 4 things
concentration effect
2nd gas effect
diffusion hypoxia
why turing on N20 leads to an increase in volume in gas spaces in the patients body
CO2 diffuses ___ times faster than O2
20 x’s
even though CO2 is a larger molecule than O2 CO2 diffuses 20 times faster across the alveolar and capillary membrane than O2. Why is this?
Bc CO2 is 20x’s more soluble than O2
Equilibrium of inhalation agents occurs in the body when?
when the Partial pressures of the gas are the same everywhere
what is the process by which the fetus receives O2 and drugs?
Diffusion
Diffusion of a gas from alveoli to blood (or blood to alveoli) requires what?
a difference in partial pressures
NON-Gases:
what are the main factors determining diffusion rate across membranes for non-gases?
concentration gradient (non-ionized)
Electrochemical gradient (ionized)
Lipid solubility
size
NON-Gases:
agents that poorly penetrate the BBB or placental barrier are what?
Lipid INsoluble (ionized) Large (high molecular weights)
NON-Gases:
why do ions like Na+ not penetrate the lipid bilayer?
Ioinized (charged) particles are HydroPHILIC and LipoPHOBIC, the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, thus ionized particles do not cross (dissolve in) the lipid portion of the cell membrane
Osmosis:
requires what 2 things?
a membrane impermeable to one or more solutes
a difference in the concentration of solutes
what/who’s law describes how the intensity of light is altered as it is transmitted through a liquid? The intensity of light falls exponentially as the light passes through the liquid.
Beer’s law or Beer-Lambert Law
How is the Beer’s law or Beer-Lambert Law applied in anesthesia
the pulse oximeter
heat loss:
core temp refers to the intrathoracic and intracranial contents (where the vital organs are located). where are 2 areas we can measure core temp?
lower esophagus
Ear
heat loss:
state the 4 routes of heat loss and describe how is it done
Radiation (60%)- just radiating off body
Convection (15-30%)- air flow
Evaporation (20%) open belly/ respiratory
Conduction (
heat loss:(know this)
most heat is lost from the body how?
radiation
