Fluid and electrolyte balance and disturbances Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

K+ is the major determinant what r/t cell excitability

RMP

Answer

threshold potential

Answer

just so i dont get confused

Answer

RMP HYPERpolarized (more negative)
making it LESS excitable
- Moves away from threshold
More of a stimulus if needed to exert an action

Answer

HYPOpolarized (less negative/closer to 0)
RMP moves closer the threshold
- MORE excitable
Less of a stimulus is needed to evoke a response

Answer

the RMP has past the threshold
Cardioplegia solution
Hyperkalemia
Na+ channel snaps open
- causes absolut refractory period b/c Na+ channels can't fire
K+ levles = 15-40 mEq

Answer

Threshold is hypopolarzed
- moves closer to 0
Decreased excitability
- bigger gap b/t rmp and threshold
More stimulus is needed to elict a response

Answer

hyperkalemia treated with Ca++
the RMP is hypopolarized (hyperkalemia)
the threshold is increased to decrease the excitability
- threshold increased

Answer

first a nerve cell b/c it says so and the RMP is at -70 (normal for nerve cell)
hypocalcemia is shown
- threshold is decreased
Increased excitability
- smaller gap between RMP and Threshold
Smaller stimulus will be neede to elict a response

Answer

yes, hyperventilation can cause resp alkolosis. ionzied Ca++ decreases

Answer

H+ concentraions in the plasma decrease and metabolic alkolosis ensues.

H+ shifts out of cell to to buffer the alkolosis and in exchane K+ shfts into the cell

Answer

H+ concentration in plasma decreases causing resp alkolosis occurs.

H+ shifts out of the cell to buffer the alkolosis and in exchange K+ shifts into the cell

Answer

insulin stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells

Insulin also opens glucose channels

Glucose is administered along with insulin to prevent hypogylcemia

Answer

stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells

Answer

kayexalate

Dialysis

Question 2

2

Ca++ is the major determinant of what r/t cell excitability

Question 3

3

Normal Ionic balance:

what is the normal rmp? and what controls it

-90

K+

Question 4

4

Normal Ionic balance:

what is the normal threshold? and what controls it

-60

Ca++

Question 5

5

point to the RMP

Question 6

6

Normal Ionic balance:

clearify

Muscle rmp is -90

Nerve is -70

Question 7

7

Normal Ionic balance:

point to the Threshold line

Question 8

8

Normal Ionic balance:

what one is HYPOkalemia

Question 9

9

Normal Ionic balance:

explain how you know it is hypokalemia and what it all means.

Question 10

10

Normal Ionic balance:

Point to HYPERkalemia

Question 11

11

Normal Ionic balance:

explain how you know it is hyperkalemia and what it all means.

Question 12

12

Normal Ionic balance:

what the hell can cause D? and what is going on?

Question 13

13

Normal Ionic balance:

point to Hyper calcemia

Question 14

14

Normal Ionic balance:

explain how you know it is hypercalemia and what it all means.

Question 15

15

Normal Ionic balance:

what the hell if F showing?

Question 16

16

Normal Ionic balance:

what is G showing explain how you know and what it all means.

Question 17

17

can s/s of hypocalcemia be elicited when the pt is hyperventilated?

Question 18

18

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what is the fastest treatment, but does not correct the hyperkalemia

Give Ca++

Question 19

19

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

why administer HCO3-

Question 20

20

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what does hyperventilation do?

Question 21

21

for each 10mmHg decrease in PaCO2 serum K+ decreaseshow much?

0.5 mEq/L

Question 22

22

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what does giving insulin-glucose do?

Question 23

23

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what do Beta-2 agonist do?

Question 24

24

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Fluid and electrolyte balance and disturbances Flashcards Preview

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K+ is the major determinant what r/t cell excitability

RMP

Ca++ is the major determinant of what r/t cell excitability

threshold potential

Normal Ionic balance: what is the normal rmp? and what controls it

-90 K+

Normal Ionic balance: what is the normal threshold? and what controls it

-60 Ca++

point to the RMP

Normal Ionic balance: clearify Muscle rmp is -90 Nerve is -70

just so i dont get confused

Normal Ionic balance: point to the Threshold line

Normal Ionic balance: what one is HYPOkalemia

Normal Ionic balance: explain how you know it is hypokalemia and what it all means.

RMP HYPERpolarized (more negative) making it LESS excitable Moves away from threshold ​​More of a stimulus if needed to exert an action

Normal Ionic balance: Point to HYPERkalemia

Normal Ionic balance: explain how you know it is hyperkalemia and what it all means.

HYPOpolarized (less negative/closer to 0) RMP moves closer the threshold MORE excitable Less of a stimulus is needed to evoke a response

Normal Ionic balance: what the hell can cause D? and what is going on?

the RMP has past the threshold Cardioplegia solution Hyperkalemia Na+ channel snaps open causes absolut refractory period b/c Na+ channels can't fire K+ levles = 15-40 mEq

Normal Ionic balance: point to Hyper calcemia

Normal Ionic balance: explain how you know it is hypercalemia and what it all means.

Threshold is hypopolarzed moves closer to 0 ​​Decreased excitability bigger gap b/t rmp and threshold More stimulus is needed to elict a response

Normal Ionic balance: what the hell if F showing?

hyperkalemia treated with Ca++ the RMP is hypopolarized (hyperkalemia) the threshold is increased to decrease the excitability threshold increased

Normal Ionic balance: what is G showing explain how you know and what it all means.

first a nerve cell b/c it says so and the RMP is at -70 (normal for nerve cell) hypocalcemia is shown threshold is decreased Increased excitability smaller gap between RMP and Threshold Smaller stimulus will be neede to elict a response

can s/s of hypocalcemia be elicited when the pt is hyperventilated?

yes, hyperventilation can cause resp alkolosis. ionzied Ca++ decreases

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia: what is the fastest treatment, but does not correct the hyperkalemia

Give Ca++

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia: why administer HCO3-

H+ concentraions in the plasma decrease and metabolic alkolosis ensues. H+ shifts out of cell to to buffer the alkolosis and in exchane K+ shfts into the cell

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia: what does hyperventilation do?

H+ concentration in plasma decreases causing resp alkolosis occurs. H+ shifts out of the cell to buffer the alkolosis and in exchange K+ shifts into the cell

for each 10mmHg decrease in PaCO2 serum K+ decreaseshow much?

0.5 mEq/L

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia: what does giving insulin-glucose do?

insulin stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells Insulin also opens glucose channels Glucose is administered along with insulin to prevent hypogylcemia

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia: what do Beta-2 agonist do?

stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells

insulin stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells 2 additional treatments

kayexalate Dialysis

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Normal Ionic balance:

what is the normal rmp? and what controls it

-90

K+

Normal Ionic balance:

what is the normal threshold? and what controls it

-60

Ca++

Normal Ionic balance:

clearify

Muscle rmp is -90

Nerve is -70

Normal Ionic balance:

point to the Threshold line

Normal Ionic balance:

what one is HYPOkalemia

Normal Ionic balance:

explain how you know it is hypokalemia and what it all means.

RMP HYPERpolarized (more negative)

making it LESS excitable

Moves away from threshold

More of a stimulus if needed to exert an action

Normal Ionic balance:

Point to HYPERkalemia

Normal Ionic balance:

explain how you know it is hyperkalemia and what it all means.

HYPOpolarized (less negative/closer to 0)

RMP moves closer the threshold

MORE excitable

Less of a stimulus is needed to evoke a response

Normal Ionic balance:

what the hell can cause D? and what is going on?

the RMP has past the threshold

Cardioplegia solution

Hyperkalemia

Na+ channel snaps open

causes absolut refractory period b/c Na+ channels can't fire

K+ levles = 15-40 mEq

Normal Ionic balance:

point to Hyper calcemia

Normal Ionic balance:

explain how you know it is hypercalemia and what it all means.

Threshold is hypopolarzed

moves closer to 0

Decreased excitability

bigger gap b/t rmp and threshold

More stimulus is needed to elict a response

Normal Ionic balance:

what the hell if F showing?

hyperkalemia treated with Ca++

the RMP is hypopolarized (hyperkalemia)

the threshold is increased to decrease the excitability

threshold increased

Normal Ionic balance:

what is G showing explain how you know and what it all means.

first a nerve cell b/c it says so and the RMP is at -70 (normal for nerve cell)

hypocalcemia is shown

threshold is decreased

Increased excitability

smaller gap between RMP and Threshold

Smaller stimulus will be neede to elict a response

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what is the fastest treatment, but does not correct the hyperkalemia

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

why administer HCO3-

H+ concentraions in the plasma decrease and metabolic alkolosis ensues.

H+ shifts out of cell to to buffer the alkolosis and in exchane K+ shfts into the cell

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what does hyperventilation do?

H+ concentration in plasma decreases causing resp alkolosis occurs.

H+ shifts out of the cell to buffer the alkolosis and in exchange K+ shifts into the cell

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what does giving insulin-glucose do?

insulin stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells

Insulin also opens glucose channels

Glucose is administered along with insulin to prevent hypogylcemia

therapies and mechanisms for treating HYPERkalemia:

what do Beta-2 agonist do?

insulin stimulates Na+K+ pump, drives K+ into the cells

2 additional treatments

kayexalate

Dialysis