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Cardiovascular system- heart Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

The heart lies within the

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

The heart is enclosed within the

A

paracardium

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3
Q

The inferior conical end of the heart that angles to the left

A

apex

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4
Q

Myocardial layer is much thicker on the _______ to ______

A

left side of the heart to pump blood to whole body

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall (outermost to inner most)

A
  1. Epidcardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium
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6
Q

What type of tissue makes up the epicardium

A

simple squamous epithelim

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7
Q

What type of tissue makes up the myocardium

A

cardiac muscle

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8
Q

What type of tissue makes up the endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelim

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9
Q

What are the 2 upper chambers of the heart

A

atria (receiving chambers)

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10
Q

What are the 2 lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles (discharging chambers)

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11
Q

What is the largest vein in the body

A

Vena cava

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12
Q

Delivers deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium

A

Vena cava

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13
Q

Transports deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs

A

pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

Transport oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

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15
Q

transports oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body tissues

A

aorta

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16
Q

What is the largest artery in the body

A

aorta

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17
Q

prevents backflow of blood into right atrium

A

tricuspid valve

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18
Q

prevents backflow of blood into right ventricle

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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19
Q

prevents backflow of blood into left atrium

A

bicuspid valve/ mitral valve

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20
Q

prevents backflow of blood into left ventricle

A

Aortic semilunar valve

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21
Q

Heart valves produce

A

heart beat sounds

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22
Q

Lub sound is produced by

A

AV valves closing

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23
Q

Dub sound is produced by

A

SL calve closing

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24
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

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25
What are the 2 circulation routes
1. Pulmonary circulation 2. Systemic circulation
26
Carries deoxygenated blood from right side of the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary circulation
27
Moves oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the systemic cells
Systemic circulation
28
Once at the lungs
blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
29
Once at the systemic cells
blood drops off oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide
30
What is the 9 step route of pulmonary circulation
1. Right atrium 2. tricuspid valve 3. right ventricle 4. pulmonary semilunar valve 5. pulmonary trunk 6. pulmonary arteries 7. lungs 8. pulmonary veins 9. left atrium
31
What is the 8 step route of systemic circulation
1. Left atrium 2. bicuspid/mitral valve 3. left ventricle 4. aortic semilunar valve 5. aorta 6. body 7. vena cava 8. right atrium
32
Coronary circulation supplies blood to/ carries blood away from the
myocardium
33
Coronary arteries deliver ________ blood to myocardium
oxygenated
34
Coronary veins transport ________ blood from myocardium to coronary sinus
de-oxygenated
35
What initiates and conducts nervous impulses to ensure proper timing of heartbeats
The hearts intrinsic conduction system
36
Heartbeat is regulated by the ______ nervous system
autonomic
37
What is the order (5) that nervous signals pass through the heart to conduct heartbeats
1. SA node 2. Atriventricular node 3. Atrioventricular bundle 4. Right and left bundles 5. Purkinje fibers
38
What is known as the pacemaker of the heart
Sinoatrial node
39
What structures serves to slow the nervous impulse down in the heart
atrioventricular node
40
Where is the cardiac center located
medulla oblongata
41
The cardiac center contains what 2 centers
1. Cardioacceleratory 2. Cardioninhibitory
42
Cardioacceleratory centers send signals via
sympathetic pathways
43
Cardioinhibitory center send signals via
parasympathetic pathways
44
Parasympathetic innervation_______ heart rate
decreases
45
Sympathetic innervation _________ heart rate
increase
46
Measures electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiogram (EKG)
47
EKG P wave
atrial depolarization
48
EKG QRS wave
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
49
EKG T wave
ventricular repolarization
50
All events that occur in the heart from the start of one heart beat to the next
Cardiac cycle
51
How long does a cardiac cycle last
0.8 seconds
52
Contraction
systole
53
relaxation
distole
54
Contraction_______ pressure
increases
55
Relaxation _____ pressure
decreases
56
Blood moves
down its pressure gradient
57
What ensures unidirectional blood flow
valves
58
Heart rate measures
the number of beats per minute
59
what is the average heart rate
70 bpm
60
Measures the amount of blood ejected per beat
Stroke volume
61
Measures the amount of blood moved by a single ventricle in one minute
Cardiac output
62
EDV
End diastolic volume
63
ESV
End systolic volume
64
What is average stroke volume
70 ml/beat
65
HR of less that 60 bpm
bradycardia
66
What 3 things may cause bradycardia
1. hypothyroidism 2. electrolyte imbalance 3. congestive heart failure
67
HR of greater than 100 bpm
Tachycardia
68
What 3 things may cause tachycardia
1. heart disease 2. fever 3. anxiety

General A&P (23 decks)

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