The skeletal system

Question 1

What are the 3 specific tissue types of the skeletal system

Answer 1

1. Compact bone 2. Spongy bone 3. Cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage)

Question 2

What are 5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

1. Support 2. Movement 3. Protection 4. Mineral storage 5. Hemopoiesis

Question 3

What mineral is stored in the bones

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

Hemopoiesis

Answer 4

blood cell production

Question 5

How many bones are in the human skeleton

Answer 5

206

Question 6

What are the 4 categories of bone based on shape

Answer 6

1. Long bones 2. Short bones 3. Flat bones 4. Irregular bones

Question 7

Long bones

Answer 7

greater in length than width

Question 8

What is the most common bone shape

Answer 8

Long bone

Question 9

3 examples of long bones

Answer 9

1. Femur 2. Tibia 3. Fibula

Question 10

Short bones

Answer 10

Length is equal to the width

Question 11

3 examples of short bones

Answer 11

1. Patella 2. Carpals 3. Tarsals

Question 12

Flat bones

Answer 12

Flat, thin, slightly curved bones

Question 13

What bone shape provides the surfaces for muscle attachment

Answer 13

Flat bones

Question 14

3 examples of flat bones

Answer 14

1. Sternum 2. Clavicle 3. Scapula

Question 15

Irregular bones

Answer 15

Elaborate complex shapes

Question 16

3 examples of irregular bones

Answer 16

1. Hyoid 2. Pelvic bones 3. Facial bones

Question 17

Diaphysis

Answer 17

Long shaft of bone

Question 18

Medullary cavity

Answer 18

Hollow area within diaphysis

Question 19

Epiphyses

Answer 19

Bone

Question 20

Articular cartilage

Answer 20

layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphyses

Question 21

Metaphysis

Answer 21

Region between epiphysis and diaphysis

Question 22

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 22

Growth plate

Question 23

Periosteum

Answer 23

Membrane that surrounds bone

Question 24

Endosteum

Answer 24

Membrane that lines inner surfaces of bone

Question 25

Where are the osteoblasts and osteoclasts found

Answer 25

Periosteum and Endosteum

Question 26

What 3 things do short, flat, irregular bones not have

Answer 26

1. Epiphyses 2. Diaphysis 3. Medullary cavity

Question 27

What is the external surface of short, flat, and irregular bones

Answer 27

Compact bone surrounded by periosteum

Question 28

What is the interior of short, flat, and irregular bones

Answer 28

Spongy bone and the spaces are lined by endosteum

Question 29

Bone marrow

Answer 29

soft CT of bone, includes red and yellow bone marrow

Question 30

Red bone marrow

Answer 30

Hemopoietic tissue (blood cell producing)

Question 31

Distribution of red bone marrow varies between _____ and ______

Answer 31

children and adults

Question 32

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 32

mostly fat

Question 33

What are the organic components of bone

Answer 33

Proteoglycans and collagen

Question 34

What gives bone tensile strength

Answer 34

Collagen

Question 35

What are the inorganic components of bone

Answer 35

Calcium salts

Question 36

What gives bone its hardness

Answer 36

Calcium salts

Question 37

What is the process through which bones are formed

Answer 37

Ossification

Question 38

The boney skeleton forms through what 2 processes

Answer 38

1. Intramembranous ossification 2. Endochondral ossification

Question 39

Intramembranous ossification forms from

Answer 39

membranes

Question 40

What are 2 bones formed by intramembranous ossification

Answer 40

1. Flat bones of skull 2. Clavicles

Question 41

Endochondral ossification forms from

Answer 41

hyaline carilage model

Question 42

Most of the bones in the body are formed from

Answer 42

Endochondral Ossification

Question 43

Length-wise growth of bones

Answer 43

Interstitial bone growth

Question 44

Where does interstitial bone growth occur

Answer 44

epiphyseal plates

Question 45

When does interstitial growth stop

Answer 45

When the epiphyseal plates completely ossify

Question 46

Width-wise growth of bones

Answer 46

Appositional bone growth

Question 47

What 2 places does appositional bone growth occur

Answer 47

Periosteum and Endosteum

Question 48

Appositional growth can happen throughout ______

Answer 48

A person's lifetime

Question 49

About _____ of the skeleton is replaced yearly

Answer 49

20%

Question 50

What 2 things affect bone adaptation

Answer 50

1. Physical stress 2. Hormones

Question 51

Wolff's Law

Answer 51

Bones will remodel based on stress placed on them

Question 52

Bones serve as a storage site for what mineral

Answer 52

calcium

Question 53

What is Normal blood calcium

Answer 53

9-11 mg/dl

Question 54

What can result from both hypo- and hypercalcemia

Answer 54

Death

Question 55

Hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) triggers the release of what hormone from the parathyroid glands

Answer 55

Parathyroid Hormone

Question 56

When Parathyroid Hormone is released what happens in the bones

Answer 56

Increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium into the blood stream

Question 57

Hypercalcemia (high blood calcium) trigger the release of what hormone from the thyroid gland

Answer 57

Calcitonin

Question 58

When Calcitonin is released what happens in the bones

Answer 58

Decreases osteoclast activity to store more calcium in the bones

Question 59

What are the 4 stages of healing a bone

Answer 59

1. Hematoma formation 2. Soft callous formation 3. Hard callous formation 4. Bone remodeling

Question 60

Hematoma formation

Answer 60

Blood flows to damaged area

Question 61

Soft callous formation

Answer 61

Cartilaginous filler that patches damage

Question 62

Hard callous formation

Answer 62

Cartilage replaced by boney tissue

Question 63

Bone remodeling

Answer 63

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts work to restore bone shape