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General A&P > Integument system > Flashcards

Integument system Flashcards

1
Q

What type of membrane is the skin

A

cutaneous

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2
Q

What are the 2 layers of the skin

A
  1. Epidermis 2. Dermis
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3
Q

What are the 5 functions of the integument system

A
  1. Protection 2. Temperature regulation 3. Role in vitamin D production 4. Protects against excessive water loss or gain 5. Sensation
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4
Q

What is the most superficial skin layer

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

The epidermis is _____ and ______

A

avascular and innervated

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6
Q

What type of cells is the epidermis composed of

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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7
Q

How many layers is typically in the epidermis

A

4

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8
Q

How many layers are in the epidermis of the palmar and plantar regions

A

5

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9
Q

What are the 5 epidermal layers from deepest to most superficial

A
  1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum corneum
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10
Q

What is the epidermal layer that only the palmar and plantar regions have

A

Stratum lucidum

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11
Q

Which epidermal layer creates new skin cells

A

Stratum basale

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12
Q

Which epidermal layer is the clear layer

A

Stratum lucidum

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13
Q

Which epidermal layer is composed of keratinocytes

A

Stratum corneum

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14
Q

In which epidermal layer does fiberous keratin start to form

A

Stratum spinosum

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15
Q

In which epidermal layer do the cells start to flatten

A

Stratum granulosum

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16
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Keratin filled squamos cells

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17
Q

What is the most abundant epidermal cell type

A

Keratinocytes

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18
Q

Melanocytes

A

cells that produce the pigment melanin

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19
Q

What are 2 functions of melanin

A
  1. Gives skin pigment 2. Protects against UV radiation
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20
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Immune cells

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21
Q

Merkel cells

A

Receptor cells

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22
Q

Where are hair follicles found

A

Dermis

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23
Q

Where are glands mainly found

A

Dermis

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24
Q

What is the bundle of smooth muscle tissue that causes goosebumps called

A

Arrector pili muscle

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25
Q

What layer of skin is deep to the epidermis

A

Dermis

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26
Q

The dermis is _____ and ______

A

vascular and innervated

27
Q

What type of tissues is the dermis composed of

A

connective tissues

28
Q

What are the 2 sublayers of the dermis

A
  1. Papillary dermis 2. Reticular dermis
29
Q

What is the most superficial dermal layer

A

Papillary dermis

30
Q

What is the deeper and thicker dermal layer

A

Reticular Dermis

31
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the papillary dermis

A

areolar connective tissue

32
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the reticular dermis

A

dense irregular connective tissue

33
Q

What are the wavy projections on the surface of the papillary dermis called

A

papillae

34
Q

What layer of the dermis creates finger prints

A

Papillary Dermis

35
Q

What do blood vessels do when body temp drops below the set point

A

constrict

36
Q

What do blood vessels do when body temp rises above the set point

A

dilate

37
Q

What layer is not a true layer of skin

A

hypodermis

38
Q

What type of connective tissue makes up the hypodermis

A

adipose connective tissue

39
Q

What are 3 functions of adipose connective tissue

A
  1. Energy storage 2. Insulation 3. Protection
40
Q

What are the two most common exocrine glands of the skin

A
  1. sudoriferous/ sweat glands 2. sebaceous glands
41
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of sudoriferous/ sweat glands

A
  1. Eccrine 2. Apocrine
42
Q

Where are eccrine glands found

A

everywhere

43
Q

What do eccrine glands secrete

A

Mostly water and some electrolytes

44
Q

Where are apocrine glands found

A

The axillary and anogenital regions

45
Q

What do apocrine glands secrete

A

water, proteins, and lipids which are fed on by bacteria to cause B.O.

46
Q

What do sebaceous glands secrete

A

sebum/oil

47
Q

What are the 2 functions of sebaceous glands

A
  1. Lubricate skin and hair 2. form acid mantle
48
Q

What two places do not have sebaceous glands

A

Palmar and Plantar regions

49
Q

When are sebaceous glands activated

A

Puberty

50
Q

What do ceruminous glands secrete

A

cerumen/ear wax

51
Q

What do mammary glands secrete

A

breast milk

52
Q

In what two ways are tissues repaired

A
  1. regeneration 2. Fibrosis
53
Q

Regeneration

A

Lost cells replaced by same cell type

54
Q

Fibrosis

A

Lost cells replaced by scar tissue

55
Q

1st degree burns affect the

A

epidermis

56
Q

2nd degree burns affect the

A

epidermis and upper dermis

57
Q

3rd degree burns affect the

A

entire skin

58
Q

Rule of Nines

A

Used to asses the extent of burns on the body

59
Q

What is the most common form of cancer

A

Skin

60
Q

What are the 3 common types of skin cancer

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Malignant melanoma
61
Q

What is the least dangerous skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

62
Q

What is the most dangerous skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

63
Q

What are the ABCDE of skin cancer

A

Asymmetry Border Color Diameter Evolution

General A&P (23 decks)

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