Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General A&P > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the nervous system

A

communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 things does the communication of the nervous system involve

A
  1. Collecting information 2. Processing/evaluating information 3. Initiating responses to information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 major structural divisions of the nervous system

A
  1. Central Nervous system 2. Peripheral Nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 things is the central nervous system composed of

A
  1. Brain 2. Spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 things is the peripheral nervous system composed of

A
  1. Nerves 2. Ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 2 types of nerves are found in the peripheral nervous system

A
  1. Cranial 2. Spinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A

31 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 major functional divisions of the nervous system

A
  1. Sensory 2. Motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sensory

A

input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motor

A

output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 2 divisions make up the sensory nervous system

A
  1. Visceral Sensory 2. Somatic Sensory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Visceral Sensory

A

Input not consciously aware of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Somatic Input

A

Input we are generally more aware of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 division of the motor nervous system

A
  1. Somatic Motor 2. Autonomic Motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatic Motor

A

Controls skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autonomic motor

A

Controls glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic motor system

A
  1. Sympathetic (fight or flight) 2. Parasympathetic (Rest and Digest)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 major cell types of nervous tissue

A
  1. Neurons 2. Neuroglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurons

A

Excitable amitotic cells that initiate and transmit signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Do neurons divide

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neuroglia

A

non-excitable mitotic cells that support/protect neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neuroglia are also known as

A

aka glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What 4 types of neuroglia are found in the CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes 2. Microglia 3. Ependymal cells 4. Oligodendrocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What 2 types of neuroglia are found in the PNS

A
  1. Schwann cells 2. Satellite cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Astrocytes help to form the

A

Blood-Brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Astrocytes anchor

A

neurons to capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Astrocytes regulate

A

interstitial fluid composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Astrocytes assist

A

neuronal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ependymal cells line cavities of

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ependymal cells produce and circulate

A

cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ependymal cells regulate

A

nutrient waste exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Microglia replicate in

A

response to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Microglia engulf

A

infectious agents and remove debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Oligodendrocytes wrap around and insulate

A

axons within the CNS to form myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Satellite cells arrange themselves

A

around cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Satellite cells regulate

A

nutrient-waste exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Schwann cells wrap around and insulate

A

axons of PNS to form a myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the process of wrapping an axon with myelin

A

Myelination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the substance produced by glial cells that contains mostly lipids

A

Myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the function of myelin

A

Increases impulse transmission speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is impulse speed based on

A

presence or absence of myelin and thickness of axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Signals move fastest along

A

thick myelinated axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the 3 structural classifications of
neurons

A
  1. Unipolar neurons 2. Bipolar neurons 3. Multipolar neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Unipolar neurons have ______ process extending from the cell body/soma

A

1

46
Q

Most sensory neurons are

A

unipolar neurons

47
Q

Bipolar neurons have _____ processes extending from cell body/soma

A

2

48
Q

What type of neurons are found in special sense organs

A

bipolar neurons

49
Q

Multipolar neurons have _____ processes extending from cell body/soma

A

3+

50
Q

All motor neurons and most interneurons are

A

Multipolar neurons

51
Q

What is the most common type of neuron

A

Multipolar neurons

52
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of neurons

A
  1. Sensory neurons 2. Motor neurons 3. Interneurons
53
Q

What is the most abundant type of functional neuron

A

Interneurons

54
Q

Sensory neurons transmit impulses

A

Toward CNS

55
Q

Motor neurons transmit impulses

A

Away from CNS

56
Q

Interneurons

A

Receive, process, and store information (decide how the body responds to stimuli)

57
Q

Neuron

A

Individual cells

58
Q

Nerve

A

bundle of axons

59
Q

What are the 3 functional divisions of nerves

A
  1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Mixed
60
Q

What are the 2 structural divisions of nerves

A
  1. cranial nerves 2. spinal nerves
61
Q

Sensory nerves contain only

A

sensory axons

62
Q

Motor nerves contain only

A

motor axons

63
Q

Mixed nerves contain

A

sensory and motor axons

64
Q

Synapse

A

A functional connection between two cells

65
Q

What are the 2 types of synapses in the nervous system

A
  1. Electrical synapse 2. Chemical synapse
66
Q

What is the less common type of synapse

A

Electrical synapse

67
Q

Electrical synapse the signal

A

“hops” from cell to cell

68
Q

Chemical synapse involve the

A

release and binding of neurotransmitters

69
Q

What are the 3 components of a chemical synapse

A
  1. Presynaptic neuron 2. Postsynaptic neuron 3. Synaptic cleft
70
Q

Presynaptic neuron

A

Releases neurotransmitters

71
Q

Postsynaptic neuron

A

binds neurotransmitters

72
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Narrow fluid-filled gap between presynaptic and postsynaptic cells

73
Q

Where are sodium potassium pumps found on a neuron

A

everywhere

74
Q

What do sodium potassium pumps do

A

help establish resting membrane potential

75
Q

Where are leak channels found on a neuron

A

everywhere

76
Q

What do lead channels do

A

allow passive movement of ions

77
Q

Where are chemically-gated channels found on a neuron

A

Receptive segment

78
Q

What do chemically gated channels do

A

open in response to neurotransmitter binding

79
Q

Where are voltage-gated channels found

A

axon and axon hillock

80
Q

What do voltage-gated channels do

A

open in response to changes in electrical charge across the PM

81
Q

When a neuron is at rest the chemically-gated channels are

A

closed

82
Q

When a neuron is at rest the voltage-gated channels are

A

closed

83
Q

In resting neurons ions are _______ distributed across the PM due to actions of pumps

A

unevenly

84
Q

When neurons are at rest the cytosol/ intracellular fluid has a higher concentration of ______

A

K+/potassium

85
Q

When neurons are at rest the interstitial fluid (outside the cell) has a higher concentration of ______

A

Na+/sodium

86
Q

When neurons are at rest their membrane is

A

polarized

87
Q

When neurons are at rest the cytosol is relatively ______ compared to the IF

A

negative

88
Q

The resting membrane potential of neurons at rest is

A

-70

89
Q

What opens the chemically-gated channels on neurons at rest

A

The binding of neurotransmitters

90
Q

After neurotransmitters bind to the chemically gated ion channels ions

A

diffuse across the membrane changing its voltage

91
Q

The voltage change of a resting neurons membrane generates a

A

graded potential in the postsynaptic neuron (postsynaptic potential)

92
Q

Graded potential are ______ distance potentials

A

short

93
Q

What causes graded potentials

A

movement of a small number of ions across PM

94
Q

What determine the direction of a potential

A

what type of ion channels open

95
Q

If Na+ channels open Na+ moves

A

into the cell and the inside becomes more positive

96
Q

It is more likely that an action potential will occur when ______ ion channels open

A

Na+

97
Q

If Cl- or K+ channels open Cl- moves ____ K+ moves _____

A

Cl- moves in and K+ moves out which causes the inside to become more negative

98
Q

If the inside of the cell is less negative than -70 mV the cell is

A

depolarized

99
Q

If the inside of the cell is more negative than -70 mV the cell is

A

hyper-polarized

100
Q

What is the threshold stimulus of a neuron

A

-55

101
Q

All or none law

A

Only if there are enough excitatory graded postsynaptic potentials and the threshold stimulus is met will an action potential be created

102
Q

Action potential

A

temporary reversal in polarity exhibited by a neuron

103
Q

What are action potentials also known as

A

A nerve impulse or nerve signal

104
Q

Action potentials include what 2 things

A
  1. Depolarization 2. Repolarization
105
Q

Depolarization

A

opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels along axon

106
Q

Depolarization causes Na+ to move

A

into the cell

107
Q

Repolarization

A

return to resting state due to opening of voltage-gated K+ channels

108
Q

Repolarization causes k+ to move _______ followed by the action of ______

A

K+ to move out followed by the action of Na+/K+ pumps

109
Q

Neuroglia in the CNS are found in

A

Brain and spinal cord tissue

110
Q

Neuroglia in the PNS are found within

A

cranial and spinal nerve tissue

General A&P (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions