Reproductive system Flashcards by Taylin DeLong

What are 2 functions of the reproductive system

Production of gamates/sex cells 2. Production of hormones

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Both male and female reproductive tracts are mostly nonfunctional until

puberty

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The release of what hormone from where stimulates puberty

gonadotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

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Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the secretion of ___ and ____ from ______ gland which stimulates the gonads

FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland

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Male gamate

sperm

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Female gamate

egg/ ovum/ oocyte

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Gamates are produced by

meiosis

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Gamates are ______ cells

haploid

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Male gamate production begins at

puberty

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Female games are all produced

before birth and one egg matures with each menstrual cycle

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Goal of meiosis is

produce genetically unique haploid daughter cells

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Primary female reproductive organ

ovaries

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Ovarian follicle

egg and follicular cells

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What are the 4 accessory organs of the female reproductive system

Fallopian tubes 2. Uterus 3. Vagina 4. Vulva

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Ovarian follicles are housed within

the ovaries

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What are the 7 stages of follicular development in females

Primordial follicle 2. Primary follicle 3. Secondary follicle 4. Mature follicle 5. Ovulation 6. Corpus luteum 7. Corpus albicans

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How long is the ovarian cycle

approximately 28 days

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What are the 3 stages of the ovarian cycle

Follicular phase 2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase

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Follicular phase is days

1-13

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Ovulation is day

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Luteal phase is days

15-28

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The follicular phase is characterized by rising levels of

FSH and LH

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Rising levels of FSH and LH in the follicular phase triggers

a clutch of primordial follicles to start developing

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What other hormone is also increasing during the follicular phase

estrogen

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Release of the oocyte form the mature follicle

ovulation

Ovulation occurs when _____ levels peak

Phase when ruptured follicle cells become corpus luteum

Luteal phase

The corpus luteum secretes _____ and _____ that stabilize and build up the uterine lining

progesterone and estrogen

If the oocyte is not fertilized the corpus luteum degenerates to

corpus albicans

When the corpus albicans develops the _____ occurs

mestrual period

If the oocyte is fertilized the corpus luteum

continues to secrete hormones through the first trimester

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferative phase 3. Secretory phase

Menstrual phase is days

1-5

Proliferative phase is days

6-14

Secretory phase is days

15-28

Period of menstrual bleeding following steep decline in hormone levels

Menstrual phase

Phase when the uterine wall rebuilds in response to increasing hormone levels

Proliferative phase

continued increase in uterine wall buildup following development of corpus luteum

Secretory phase

Transport ovulated egg to uterus

Fallopian tube

What are the 3 regions of the fallopian tube

1. Fimbriae 2. Infundibulum 3. Ampulla

Where does fertilization usually occur

Ampulla

What are the 3 major regions of the uterus

1. Fundus 2. body 3. cervix

What is the site of implantation

Uterus

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall

1. Perimetrium 2. Myometrium 3. Endometrium

outer most uterine wall layer

Perimetrium

Middle muscular layer of the uterine wall

Myometrium

Innermost layer of uterine wall

Endometrium

What tissue makes up the endometrium

simple columnar epithelium

What are the 2 layers of the endometrium

1. Stratum functionalis 2. Stratum basale

What layer is shed during menstruation

Stratum functionalis

What layer gives rise to a new functional layer

Stratum basale

Common malignancy of the female reproductive system

cervicle cancer

What is an important risk factor of cervical cancer

HPV

What is the method of detection for cervical cancer

Pap smear

Abnormal cellular development

dysplasia

Inferior most region of the female reproductive tract

Vagina

The mucosal layer of the vagina consists of what tissue type

stratified squamous epithelium

What is the purpose of the acidic secretion produced by the epithelial cells of the vagina

kill pathogens that enter through the vaginal orifice

membranous barrier near vaginal orifice

hymen

Female external genitalia

vulva

The vulva consists of what 6 structures

1. Mons pubis 2. Labia majora and minora 3. urethral orifice 4. clitoris 5. Bartholin's gland 6. Vaginal orifice

The breasts are located in the

anterior thoracic wall

What are the secretory units of mammary glands

alveoli

Milk drains from the breast through the nipple via

lactiferous ducts

What two hormones are involved in breast milk production

1. Prolactin 2. oxytocin

What are the primary male reproductive organs

testes

Why are the testes suspended outside the body wall

to keep testes at a lower temp for optimal sperm production

Elevates testes to aid in temperature regulation

cremaster muscle

Contains blood vessels, nerves, and vas defrens

spermatic cord

What is the function of the testes

produce sperm cells and testosterone

Area where sperm are made

seminiferous tubules

Cells that provide nourishment for developing sperm

sustentacular cells

Sustentacular cells produce _______ in response to rising sperm count

inhibin

Cells that produce androgen/testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone

Interstitial cells

What two hormones released by the anterior pituitary stimulate testosterone production

1. FSH 2. LH

Testosterone promotes

spermatogenesis

Testosterone stimulates

development of male reproductive structures

Testosterone aids in the development of

male secondary sex characteristics

spermatogenesis begins at

puberty

Final stage of sperm cell development

spermeo genesis

What are the 4 ducts of the male reproductive system

1. Epididymis 2. Vas defrens 3. Ejaculatory duct 4. Urethra

Stores sperm cells

Epididymis

transports sperm to ejaculatory duct

vas defrens

terminal portion of reproductive tract joins with urinary tract in the prostate

Ejaculatory duct

transports semen and urine out of the body

urethra

What are the 3 major glands of the male reproductive system

1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate gland 3. bulbourethral glands

Secretes viscous white-yellow fluid, contains fructose and prostaglandins

seminal vesicles

secretes milky fluid rich in citric acid and prostate-specific antigen

prostate gland

Secrete mucus into urethra

Bulbourethral glands

Combination of sperm cells and seminal fluid

semen

Semen released during intercourse

ejaculate