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Positioning 1 > Ch. 10 Bony Thorax - Sternum and Ribs > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Bony Thorax - Sternum and Ribs Flashcards

1
Q

main function is to serve as an expandable bellows-like chamber, wherein the interior capacity expands during inspiration and contracts during expiration

A

bony thorax

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2
Q

what does the bony thorax consists of

A
  • sternum anteriorly
  • thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
  • 12 pairs of ribs connecting the sternum to the vertebral column
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3
Q

a thin, narrow, flat bone with 3 divisions

A

sternum

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4
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the sternum

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
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5
Q

total length of the adult sternum

A

about 7” (18 cm)

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6
Q

what type of bone does the sternum consists of

A

highly vascular cancellous tissue covered by a thin layer of compact bone

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7
Q

this allows for the sternum to be a common site for marrow biopsy

A

vascular cancellous tissue

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8
Q

under local anesthesia, a needle is inserted into the medullary cavity of the sternum to withdraw a sample of red bone marrow

A

marrow biopsy

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9
Q

upper portion of the sternum

A

manubrium

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10
Q

how long is the adult manubrium

A

2” (5cm)

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11
Q

longest part of the sternum

A

body

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12
Q

how long is the body of the sternum

A

4” (10cm)

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13
Q

at birth, the body of the sternum is in how many separate segments

A

4

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14
Q

when does the union of the segments of the body of the sternum take place

A

starting at puberty and complete possibly at age 25

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15
Q

most inferior portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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16
Q

what is the xiphoid process composed of during infancy and youth

A

cartilage

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17
Q

when does the xiphoid process become totally ossified

A

40 years

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18
Q

these are the true ribs

A

1-7

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19
Q

these are ribs that connect directly to the sternum with a short piece of carilage

A

true ribs

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20
Q

what is the short piece of cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum called

A

costocartilage

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21
Q

these are the false ribs

A

8-12

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22
Q

these have costalcartilage that joint together at the costocartilage of rib 7

A

false ribs - 8-10

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23
Q

these are floating ribs because they do not connect to the sternum

A

11 and 12

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24
Q

these ribs do not possess costocartilage

A

11 and 12

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25
Q

what is the posterior end of a rib called

A

vertebral end

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26
Q

what is the anterior end of a rib called

A

sternal end

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27
Q

what does the vertebral end of a rib consists of

A

head and flattened neck

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28
Q

lateral to the neck of the rib is this which articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra and allows for attachment of a ligament

A

elevated tubercle

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29
Q

how does the body of the rib extend from the tubercle

A

laterally and then angles forward and downward

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30
Q

what is the area of forward angulation termed

A

angle of the rib

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31
Q

the part at which the shaft of the rib curves forward and downward toward the sternal end

A

angle of the rib

32
Q

how much higher is the vertebral end of a rib compared to the sternal end

A

3-5” (8-13 cm) higher

32
Q

the lower inside margin of each rib protects this

A

an artery, a vein, and a nerve

33
Q

rib injuries may be associated with this

A

substantial hemorrhage

34
Q

inside margin, which contains the blood vessels and nerves is called this

A

costal groove

35
Q

these are the most vertical ribs

A

first ribs

36
Q

the ribs get longer as you go down starting with the first, but starting at this rib they get shorter

A

7th rib down

37
Q

these are the most sharply curved ribs

A

first ribs

38
Q

the bony thorax is typically widest at the lateral margins of these ribs

A

8th or 9th

39
Q

what are the two other names for the jugular notch

A
  • manubrial notch
  • suprasternal notch
40
Q

what level is the jugular notch at

A

T2-T3

41
Q

this is where the lower end of the manubrium joins the body of the sternum

A

sternal angle (manubriosternal joint)

42
Q

what level is the sternal angle at

A

intervertebral disk space between T4-T5

43
Q

what level is the xiphoid process at

A

T9-T10

44
Q

what level is the inferior costal margin at

A

L2-L3

45
Q

each clavicle articulates medially with this at the clavicular notch

A

manubrium

46
Q

what is the articulation between the clavicle and the manubrium called

A

sternoclavicular joint

47
Q

this is the only bony connection between each shoulder girdle and the bony thorax

A

sternoclavicular joint

48
Q

how many facets does the sternum contain

A

7 pairs located laterally along the manubrium and the body

49
Q

where is the first pair of facets located in relation to the clavicular notch

A

just below the clavicular notch

50
Q

where do the second costocartilage connect to the sternum

A

level of the sternal angle

51
Q

these connect directly to the body of the sternum

A

3rd-7th rib

52
Q

joint between the costocartilage and the sternal end of a rib

A

costochondral union/junction

53
Q

what type of joints are costochondral unions classified as

A

synarthrodial, unique union - bound together by the periosteum of bone itself

54
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial - plane (gliding), diarthrodial

55
Q

what type of joint is the sternocostal joint of the first rib

A

synarthrodial, cartilaginous joint

56
Q

what type of joint is the sternocostal joints of 2-7 rib

A

synovial - plane (gliding), diarthrodial

57
Q

joint between costocartilage and sternum

A

sternocostal joint

58
Q

continuous joint between costal cartilages of the anterior 6th-9th ribs

A

interchondral joints

59
Q

what type of joint are the interchondral joints between the 6th-9th costocartilage

A

synovial - plane (gliding), diarthrodial

60
Q

what are the interchondral joints between the 9th and 10th cartilages classified as

A

fibrous - syndesmosis

61
Q

what type of joints are the costotransverse joints

A

synovial - plane (gliding)

62
Q

what type of joints are the costovertebral joints

A

synovial - plane (gliding)

63
Q

which ribs are the costotransverse joints found on

A

1st-10th

64
Q

instead of an AP/PA of the sternum, how do you visualize the sternum

A

rotate patient into a 15-20 degree RAO position

65
Q

a patient with a shallow or thin chest requires how much rotation when visualizing the sternum

A

more rotation - 20 degrees

66
Q

a patient with a deep chest requires how much rotation to visualize the sternum

A

less rotation - 15 degrees

67
Q

what is the sternum primary made up of

A

spongy bone

68
Q

for adult, sthenic patients, what is the kVp range for sternum

A

70-85

69
Q

what is the breathing technique for a sternum projection

A

orthostatic breathing

70
Q

to minimize dose to the patient, the patient’s skin should be how far from the surface of the collimator

A

at least 15” (40 cm)

71
Q

are sternoclavicular joints typically performed AP or PA

A

PA

72
Q

these represent the minimum number of ribs above the dome or central portion of the diaphragm on full inspiration

A

upper 9 posterior ribs

73
Q

to visualize the ribs above the diaphragm what should the tech do

A

position patient erect if possible and take on inspiration

74
Q

to visualize the ribs below the diaphragm what should the tech do

A

position the patient recumbent and take on expiration

75
Q

what are the preferred projections for someone with history of trauma to the left posterior ribs

A

AP and an LPO

76
Q

what are the preferred projections for a patient with trauma to the right anterior ribs

A

PA and an LAO

Positioning 1 (44 decks)

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