Ch. 11 Skull Flashcards by Holly c

Frontal bone is divided into these two parts

squamous / vertical portion
orbital / horizontal portion

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Smooth raised prominence between the eyebrows above the bridge of the nose

Glabella

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Slight depression above each eyebrow

Supraorbital groove (SOG)

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Directly below each eyebrow

Superciliary arch

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This is the superior rim of each orbit

Supraorbital margin (SOM)

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Small foramen in the SOM which allow an artery and a nerve to pass through

Supraorbital notch

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Large prominences of the squamous portion of the frontal bone

Frontal tuberosity (eminence)

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The orbital or horizontal portion of the frontal bone can be best viewed how

Inferior aspect

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Forms the superior part of the orbit

Orbital plate

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What lies below the orbital plate

Facial bones

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What is above the orbital plate

Anterior part of the floor of the brain case

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Each orbital plate is separated by this

Ethmoidal notch

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Make up the lateral walls and the roof to the cranium

Parietal bones

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Make the widest portion of the skull

Parietal tubercles (eminences)

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Inferoposterior portion of the calvarium

Occipital bone

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External surface of the occipital bone which is rounded

Squamous portion

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The squamous portion of the occipital bone is superior to this

Occipital protuberance

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Prominent skull landmark on the occipital bone

Occipital protuberance (inion)

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Inferior to the inion

Foramen magnum

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Two part articulation between the skull and the cervical spine

Occipito-atlantal joint

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What are the 3 primary parts of the temporal bone

squamous
mastoid
petrous

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Complex structures that house the delicate organs of hearing and balance

Temporal bones

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Extends anteriorly from the squamous portion of the temporal bone

Zygomatic process (arch)

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Thin part, forms the wall of the skull, very vulnerable to fracture

Squamous portion of temporal bone

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Posterior to the EAM, has a prominent mastoid tip which is palpable

Mastoid portion of temporal bone

Thickest most dense bone in the cranium

Petrous portion of temporal bone

Level of the petrous pyramids are at the level of this

TEA - top of ear attachment

Forms the anchor for all 8 cranial bones

Sphenoid bone

Central depression of the body of the sphenoid bone

Sella turcica

The sella turcica partially surrounds and protects this

Pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri)

Back of the saddle

Dorsum sellae

This area forms the base of support for the pond portion of the brain and the basilar artery

Clivus

Lesser wings end medically and forms this which extend into the middle of each orbit

Anterior clinoid process

Between the lesser wings and the anterior bodies are groove like canals which begin this

Optic groove

Optic groove extends to the optic canal and ends at this

Optic foramen

Optic foramen are seen on what view of the orbits

PA obliques

Extend from the sides of the body and form a portion of the floor of the cranium

Greater wings

The 3 pairs of foramen located on the greater wings from front to back are what

- foramen rotundum - foramen ovale - foramen spinosum

Lies mostly beneath the floor of the cranium

Ethmoid bone

The ethmoid bone sits in this of the frontal bone

Ethmoidal notch

Small horizontal portion of bone, contains many small openings for olfactory nerves

Cribriform plate

Small projection from the cribriform plate similar to a roosters comb

Crista galli

Projecting downward in the midline of the ethmoid, helps form the nasal septum

Perpendicular plate

Suspended from the under surface of the cribriform plate

2 lateral labyrinths (masses)

The lateral labyrinths contain this to help form the medial orbital walls and the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Ethmoid air cells (sinuses)

Projections of bone which extend from each labyrinth, scroll shaped

Superior and middle nasal conchae or turbinates

Separates frontal from two parietals

Coronal suture

Articulations or joints of the cranium

Sutures

Separates two parietal from midline

Sagittal suture

Separates two parietals from occipital bone

Lambdoidal suture

Inferior junction of each parietal bone with their respective temporal bone

Squamosal suture

Anterior end of the sagittal suture

Bregma

Posterior end of the sagittal suture

Lambda

The points at the junctions between the sphenoid, temporal, and parietals

Pterions

Posterior to the ear where the squamosal and lambdoidal sutures meet

Asterions

Channels sound waves to the EAM

Auricle (pinna)

Tubelike opening that ends at the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

external auditory meatus (EAM)

Actually tubelike portion of EAM

Acoustic canal

Contains air, located between the eardrum and the inner ear

Middle ear

The middle ear contains 3 small bones called

Auditory ossicles

Transmit sound vibrations from eardrum to the oval window of the internal ear

Auditory ossicles

Slightly anterior of the others and the most lateral auditory ossicle

Malleus (hammer)

Located in the middle of the malleus and stapes, looks like an anvil or tooth

Incus

Most medial of the 3 auditory ossicles, connects to the oval window of the cochlea

Stapes

Superior portion of the tympanic cavity

Epitympanic attic (recess)

Large cavity opposite the eardrum

Tympanic cavity proper

The tympanic cavity proper communicates with the nasopharynx by this

Eustachian tube

Small tube about 4 cm long, equalizes pressure between the middle ear and outside pressure, ear infections often happen by way of this tube

Eustachian tube

Attached to the drumcrest or spur which separates the EAM from the epitympanic recess

Tympanic membrane

The second communication to the middle ear occurs posteriorly to what

Mastoid air cells

Opening between the mastoid air cells (mastoid portion of temporal) and the epitympanic recess

Aditus

Large chamber connecting the air cells, allows infection to cross from the middle ear to the mastoid area which in turn can cause an infection to the brain

Antrum

Infection to the brain

Encephalitis

Small bone separating the mastoid air cells from the brain

Tegmen tympani

Contains both sensory apparatus for hearing and equilibrium

Internal ear

Enclosed the ducts and sacs of the membranous labyrinth

Osseous bony labyrinth

Houses a long tubelike duct of the membranous labyrinth, most anterior, has a round window at the base of it, related to the sense of hearing

Cochlea

Central portion of the osseous labyrinth which contains the oval window

Vestibule

Located posterior to the other inner ear structures and located at right angles to one another, relate to the sense of direction or equilibrium

Semicircular canals (superior, posterior and lateral)

Ch. 11 Skull Flashcards

(79 cards)