Ch. 13 Lower GI System Workbook Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
T/F - 0.1% barium sulfate suspension is often instilled before CT enteroclysis
A
true
2
Q
T/F - a cleansing bowel prep is not required before a CTC
A
false
3
Q
T/F - contrast BEs are performed commonly on patients who have a clinical history of diverticulosis
A
false
4
Q
what projection is recommended during a small bowel series
A
prone PA
5
Q
T/F - shielding is not recommended during studies of the lower GI tract
A
false
6
Q
T/F - if a retention-type enema tip is used, it should be removed after fluoro is completed and before x-ray projections are taken to better visualize the rectal region
A
false
7
Q
what kVp is recommended for a small bowel series (single-contrast study)
A
110-125
8
Q
what are breathing instructions for a projection taken during a small bowel series
A
expiration
9
Q
generally a small bowel series is complete after the contrast media reaches what
A
ileocecal valve
10
Q
what type of patient may require 2 14x17 cw IRs for an AP BE projection
A
hypersthenic
11
Q
what projections taken during a BE best demonstrates the right colic flexure
A
RAO and LPO
12
Q
how much body rotation is required for oblique BE projections
A
35-45 degrees
13
Q
in a person with good muscle tone, how long is the entire small intestine
A
15-18 ft (4.5-5.5m)
14
Q
what position should be performed if the patient cannot lie prone on the table to visualize the left colic flexure
A
RPO
15
Q
what projection during a double contrast BE series best demonstrates the descending colon for possible polyps
A
right lateral decub
16
Q
what is the average length of the large intestine
A
5 ft (1.5m)
17
Q
what are the 3 divisions of the small intestine in descending order
A
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
18
Q
which aspect of the large intestine is best demonstrated with an AP axial projection
A
rectosigmoid region
19
Q
what is the advantage of performing an AP axial oblique projection rather than an AP axial
A
less superimposition of the rectosigmoid segments
20
Q
what is another term describing the AP and PA axial projections
A
butterfly
21
Q
what CR angle is required for the AP axial
A
30-40 cephalad
22
Q
what CR angle is required for the PA axial projection
A
30-40 caudad
23
Q
which divisions of the small intestine is the shortest
A
duodenum
24
Q
what position is recommended for the post evacuation projection taken following a BE
A
PA prone
25
what kVp range is recommended for a postevac projection following a BE
90-100
26
what is recommended kVp range for oblique projections taken during a single contrast BE study
110-125
27
in which two abdominal quadrants would the majority of the jejunum be found
LUQ and LLQ
28
which division of the small intestine has a feathery or coiled-spring appearance during a small bowel series
jejunum
29
what is the recommended kVp range for oblique projections taken during a double contrast study
90-100
30
what medication can be given to minimize colonic spasm during a BE
glucagon
31
which division of the small intestine is the longest
ileum
32
how many sections of the colon are there and how many flexures
4 sections and 2 flexures
33
what are the two functions of the ileocecal valve
-prevents contents of the ileum from passing too quickly into cecum
- prevents reflux back into ileum
34
what is another term for appendix
vermiform appendix
35
longest aspect of the large intestine
transverse colon
36
widest portion of the large intestine
cecum
37
aspect of small intestine that is the smallest in diameter but longest in length
ileum
38
shortest aspect of small intestine
duodenum
39
lies in pelvis but possesses a wide freedom of motion
sigmoid colon
40
makes up 40% of the small intestine
jejunum
41
found between cecum and transverse colon
ascending colon
42
how long is the average small bowel if removed and stretched out during autopsy
23ft (7m)
43
what is the term for the 3 bands of muscle that pulls the large intestine into pouches
taeniae coli
44
what are the pouches or sacculation's formed by the taeniae coli, seen along the large intestine called
haustra
45
which portion of the small intestine is located primarily to the left of the midline
jejunum
46
which portion of the small intestine is located primarily in the right lower quadrant
ileum
47
which portion of the small intestine has the smoothest internal lining and does not present a feathery appearance when barium filled
ileum
48
which quadrant does the terminal ileum connect with the large intestine
RLQ
49
what is the widest portion of the large intestine
cecum
50
which two aspects of the large intestine are not considered part of the colon
- cecum
- rectum
51
a blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal valve
appendix
52
distal part, also called the iliac colon
descending colon
53
which flexure of the large intestine usually extends more superiorly
left colic (splenic)
54
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
appendicitis
55
what is an older term for the mucosal folds found within the jejunum
plicae circulares
56
which structures will fill with air during a double contrast BE with the patient supine
transverse colon and sigmoid colon
57
which aspect of the GI tract is primarily responsible for digestion, absorption, and reabsorption
small intestine
58
which aspect of the GI tract is responsible for the synthesis and absorption of vitamins B and K and amino acids
large intestine
59
which of the digestive movements occurs in both large intestine and small intestine
peristalsis
60
which aspect of the small intestine is the most fixed in position
duodenojejunal flexure
61
which muscular band marks the junction between the duodenum and the jejunum
ligament of treitz
62
what type of patients should receive extra care when using water-soluble contrast medium
young and dehydrated
63
what is the classification of the sigmoid colon in relation to the peritoneum
intraperitoneal
63
what is the classification of the cecum in relation to the peritoneum
intraperitoneal
63
form of inflammatory disease of the GI tract
regional enteritis
64
what is the classification of the ascending colon in relation to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
64
radiographically appears as cobblestone appearance
regional enteritis
65
what is the classification of the transverse colon in relation to the peritoneum
intraperitoneal
65
what is the classification of the descending colon in relation to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
66
what is the classification of the upper rectum in relation to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
66
what is the classification of the jejunum in relation to the peritoneum
intraperitoneal
66
what is the classification of the lower rectum in relation to the peritoneum
infraperiotneal
67
what is the classification of the c-loop of duodenum in relation to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
68
common birth defect found in the ileum
meckel diverticulum
68
what is the classification of the ileum in relation to the peritoneum
intraperitoneal
68
what are the two conditions that may prevent the use of barium sulfate during a small bowel series
- possible perforated hollow viscus
- large bowel obstruction
69
common parasitic infection of the small intestine
giardiasis
70
obstruction of the small intestine
ileus
71
new growth
neoplasm
72
a form of sprue
celiac disease
73
inflammation of the intestine
enteritis
74
radiographically appears as an apple-core sign
adenocarcinoma
75
radiographically appears as large diverticulum of the ileum
meckel diverticulum
76
radiographically appears as a beak sign
volvulus
77
giardiasis is a condition acquired through what
- contaminated food
- contaminated water
- person to person contact
78
when is a small bowel series deemed complete
when contrast medium passes through ileocecal valve
79
T/F - fluoroscopy is sometimes used during a small bowel series to visualize the ileocecal valve
true
80
what two types of contrast media are used for an enteroclysis
- high density barium sulfate
- air or methylcellulose
81
what is the recommended patient prep before a small bowel series
NPO at least 8 hours before procedure and no gum chewing or smoking
82
which position is recommended for small bowel radiographs
prone to separate loops of intestine
83
a twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery
volvulus
84
outpouching of the mucosal wall
diverticulum
85
inflammatory condition of the large intestine
colitis
86
severe form of colitis
ulcerative colitis
87
telescoping of one part of the intestine into another
intussusception
88
inward growth extending from the lumen of the intestinal wall
polyp
89
which type of patient most often experiences intussusception
infant (<2 years old)
90
a condition of numerous herniations of the mucosal wall of the large intestine
diverticulosis
91
what pathologic condition may produce a tapered or corkscrew radiographic sign during a BE
volvulus
92
what condition may produce the cobblestone radiographic sign during a BE
ulcerative colitis
93
T/F - intestinal polyps and diverticula are very similar in structure
false
94
T/F - volvulus occurs more frequently in males than females
true
95
T/F - the BE is a commonly recommended procedure for diagnosing possible acute appendicitis
false
96
T/F - any stool retained in the large intestine may require the postponement of a BE study
true
97
T/F - an example of an irritant cathartic is magnesium citrate
false - castor oil
98
T/F - synthetic latex enema tips or gloves do not cause problems for latex-sensitive patients
true
99
what is the name of the patient position recommended for insertion of the rectal enema tip
sims position
100
the initial insertion of the rectal enema tip should be pointed toward what
umbilicus
101
what procedure is most effective to demonstrate small polyps in the colon
double contrast BE
102
T/F - a special tapered enema tip is inserted into the stoma before a colostomy BE
true
103
the enema bag should not be more than how far above the tabletop before the beginning of the procedure
no more than 24" (60cm)
104
T/F - the tech should review the patients chart before a BE to determine whether a sigmoidscopy or colonoscopy was performed recently
true
105
T/F - both CT and sonography might be performed to aid in diagnosing appendicitis
true
106
T/F - because of the density and the amount of barium within the large intestine, computed radiography should not be used during a BE
false
107
meckel diverticulum is best diagnosed with which imaging modality
nuclear medicine
108
whipple disease is a rare disorder of what
proximal small intestine
109
how much barium sulfate is generally given to an adult patient for a small bowel only series
2 cups (16 oz)
110
how long does it usually take to complete an adult small bowel series
2 hours
111
when is the first radiograph generally taken during a small bowel series
15-30 minutes after ingesting contrast
112
how long does it take barium sulfate in a healthy adult, given orally, to reach the rectum
24 hours
113
what is the tip of the catheter advanced to during an enteroclysis
duodenojejunal flexure
114
what is the purpose of introducing methylcellulose during an enteroclysis
dilates the intestinal lumen to produce a more diagnostic study
115
what is the most common form of carcinoma found in the large intestine
annular carcinoma
116
what 4 conditions would prevent the use of a laxative cathartic before a BE procedure
- gross bleeding
- sever diarrhea
- obstruction
- inflammatory lesion
117
what are the 3 types of enema tips commonly used (all are single use and disposable)
- plastic disposable
- rectal retention
- air-contrast retention
118
what water temp is recommended for BE mixtures
warm - 85-90 F (29-32 C)
119
to minimize spasm during a BE what can be added to the contrast media mixture
lidocaine
120
which aspect of the large intestine must be demonstrated during evacuative proctography
anorectal angle
121
which clinical condition is best demonstrated with evacuative proctography
rectal prolapse
122
what procedure uses the thickest mixture of barium sulfate
evacuative proctogram
123
what position is the patient placed for imaging during the evacuative proctogram
lateral
124
what is another term for CT colonography (CTC)
virtual colonoscopy
125
why is oral contrast media sometimes given during a CTC
to mark or tag fecal matter
126
what is the chief disadvantage of a CTC
cannot remove polyps discovered
127
how frequently should images be taken during a small bowel series on a pediatric patient
20-30 minutes
128
what position is a recommended alternative for the lateral rectum projection during a double contrast BE
ventral decub
129
where is CR centered for the 15 min radiograph during a small bowel series
2" above iliac crest
130
what projection taken during a double contrast BE produces an air-filled image of he right colic flexure, ascending colon and cecum
left lateral decub
131
where is the cR for a lateral projection of the rectum
level of ASIS at MCP
132
patients with lactose or sucrose sensitivities
malabsorption syndrome
133
radiographically appears as circular staircase or herringbone sign
ileus
134
radiographically appears as dilation of the intestine with thickening of circular folds
giardiasis
135
the term enteroclysis describes what type of a small bowel study
double contrast method
136
what two pathologic conditions are best evacuative through an enteroclysis procedure
- regional enteritis
- malabsorption syndrome
137
a procedure to alleviate postoperative distention of a small intestine obstruction
therapeutic intubation
