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Positioning 1 > Ch. 2 Chest - Pathology > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chest - Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

exposure adjustment for epiglottitis

A

Soft tissue (decreased)

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2
Q

name for occupational lung diseases due to inhalation of dust

A

pneumoconiosis

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3
Q

condition rather than disease, collapse of all or a portion of a lung occurs as a result of obstruction of the bronchus or puncture or “blowout” of an air passageway

A

atelectasis

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4
Q

bronchitis of both lungs that most commonly is caused by streptococcus

A

bronchopneumonia

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5
Q

exposure adjustment for reactivation (secondary) tuberculosis

A

slight increase

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6
Q

exposure adjustment for emphysema

A

significantly decreased

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7
Q

an accumulation of air in the pleural space that causes partial or complete collapse of the lung and results in immediate and severe shortness of breath and chest pain

A

pneumothorax

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8
Q

caused by inhalation of asbestos dust (fibers), which results in pulmonary fibrosis, may develop into lung cancer

A

asbestosis

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9
Q

pneumonia that causes inflammation of the alveoli and connection lung structures

A

viral (interstitial) pneumonia

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10
Q

an acute or chronic condition in which excessive mucous is secreted into the bronchi, causing cough and shortness of breath. Chief cause is cigarette smoking

A

bronchitis

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11
Q

infectious bronchitis is caused by what

A

viruses or bacteria

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12
Q

exposure adjustment for aspiration

A

Soft tissue (decreased)

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13
Q

serious life threatening condition, which can develop very rapidly; edema or swelling at the point of the epiglottis

A

epiglottitis

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14
Q

irreversible and chronic lung disease in which air spaces in the alveoli become greatly enlarged as a result of alveolar wall destruction and loss of alveolar elasticity

A

emphysema

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15
Q

condition of excess fluid within the lung that most frequently is caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation commonly associated with congestive heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

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16
Q

permanent condition of the lungs that is caused by inhalation of quartz dust - sand dust

A

silicosis

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17
Q

most common of inherited diseases, condition in which secretions of heavy mucous cause progressive “clogging” of bronchi and bronchioles

A

cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

atherosclerotic disease affecting the blood supply to the brain

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA); stroke

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19
Q

a form of persistent obstruction of the airways that usually causes difficulty in emptying the lungs of air; smoking is predominant cause

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

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20
Q

when foreign objects are swallowed or aspirated into the air passages of the bronchial tree

A

aspiration

21
Q

form of pneumonia caused by aspiration of a foreign object or food into the lungs, which irritates the bronchi resulting in edema

A

aspiration pneumonia

22
Q

as plaque accumulates in the coronary arteries, blood supply to the heart muscle is decreased, resulting in ischemia and myocardial damage

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

23
Q

contagious disease (potentially fatal) that is caused by airborne bacteria

A

tuberculosis (TB)

24
Q

most common forms of COPD

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

25
Q

abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

A

hemothorax

26
Q

coughing up blood

A

hemoptysis

27
Q

occurs when abnormal accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

A

empyema

28
Q

a localized ballooning or out-punching of a vessel wall as a result of weakening due to atherosclerotic disease, trauma, infection or congenital defects

A

aneurysm

29
Q

what is the main cause of bronchitis

A

cigarette smoking

30
Q

exposure adjustment for pleural effusion - empyema or hemothorax

A

increase

31
Q

an emergent condition in which the alveoli and capillaries of the lung are injured or infected, resulting in leakage of fluid and blood into the spaces between alveoli or into the alveoli themselves with formation of hyaline membranes

A

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

32
Q

what is respiratory distress syndrome in infants called

A

hyaline membrane disease (HMD)

33
Q

calcified radiopaque masses or nodules usually indicated what type of lung neoplasm

A

benign

34
Q

most common benign pulmonary mass, generally is found in peripheral regions of the lungs

A

hamartoma

35
Q

exposure adjustment for atelectasis

A

increase

36
Q

characterized by inflammation (usually caused by virus or bacterium) of the pleura surrounding the lungs; the cause is visceral and parietal pleura “rubbing” during respiration, results in severe pain

A

pleurisy

37
Q

pneumonia that generally is confined to one or two lobes of the lungs

A

lobar pneumonia

38
Q

condition of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

39
Q

Tuberculosis that occurs in persons who have never had the disease before

A

Primary tuberculosis

40
Q

occurs when the heart is unable to propel blood at a sufficient rate and volume which results in congestion of the subcirculatory system and does not allow a sufficient supply of blood to reach tissues of the body

A

congestive heart failure (CHF)

41
Q

exposure adjustment for cystic fibrosis

A

increase in severe cases

42
Q

irreversible dilation or widening or bronchi or bronchioles that may result from repeated pulmonary infection or constriction. Areas of bronchial walls are destroyed adn become chronically inflamed, resulting in increased production of mucous and causing chronic cough and expectoration

A

bronchiectasis

43
Q

exposure adjustment for pulmonary edema

A

increase in severe cases

44
Q

condition of shortness of breath, which creates a sensation of difficulty in breathing; most common in older people

A

dyspnea

45
Q

exposure adjustment for RDS or HMD

A

increase

46
Q

caused by deposits of coal dust; also called black lung pneumoconiosis

A

anthracosis

47
Q

an inflammation of the lungs that results in accumulation of fluid within certain sections of the lungs, creating increased radiodensities in these regions

A

pneumonia

48
Q

sudden blockage of artery in lung

A

pulmonary emboli

Positioning 1 (44 decks)

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